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Rice Bran as a Vaccine Adjuvant and as Prebiotics in Reducing Viral Diarrhea
Published in Lijuan Yuan, Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation, 2022
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a gram-positive bacterium in the L. rhamnosus species that was first isolated in 1983 by Barry R. Goldin and Sherwood L. Gorbach (Silva et al., 1987). It is widely studied for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases and infections, and increasingly for extra-intestinal diseases as well, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic reactions, urogenital tract infections, and respiratory tract pathogens (Goldin and Gorbach, 2008). It has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of rotavirus diarrhea and persistent diarrhea in multiple clinical trials (Basu et al., 2007; Majamaa et al., 1995). LGG has also been found to reduce intestinal permeability in children with irritable bowel syndrome (Francavilla et al., 2010). Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is one of the best-characterized probiotics used to reduce acute and protracted diarrhea (Henker et al., 2007), and was shown to protect Gn pigs from lethal challenge by Salmonella Typhimurium. Given the above-discussed effects of RB, LGG, and EcN individually on rotavirus and Salmonella infection and diarrhea, studies to examine their combined therapeutic effects in the Gn pig model are warranted.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Application to Decrease Food Allergies
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Vanessa Biscola, Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Tatiana Pacheco Nunes, Antonio Diogo Silva Vieira, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco
Regarding the potential application of LAB to reduce wheat allergy, in vitro studies carried out in cell model, demonstrated that probiotic Bifidobacterium lactiswas able to inhibit the toxic effects caused by the ingestion of wheat gliadin. Some authors found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG may contribute to improving gut permeability, presenting potential to prevent the disruption of the gut epithelial barrier caused by this protein. Other results also suggested that the administration of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG could suppress the production of specific IgE (Lindfors et al. 2008, Orlando et al. 2014, Paparo et al. 2019b). Still on this matter, De Angelis et al. 2007 observed that commercial probiotic VSL#3, used as starter for dough fermentation, was able to provoke extensive hydrolysis of wheat proteins, cleaving some IgE-binding antigens. Besides, the authors reported that the remaining IgE-binding proteins were completely hydrolyzed by pepsin and pancreatin after simulated digestion.
Role of Nutraceuticals in Atopic Dermatitis, Eczema, Allergy in Pregnancy
Published in Priyanka Bhatt, Maryam Sadat Miraghajani, Sarvadaman Pathak, Yashwant Pathak, Nutraceuticals for Prenatal, Maternal and Offspring’s Nutritional Health, 2019
Meera Ratani, Yasmin Azad, Yashwant Pathak, Priyanka Bhatt
New research has been demonstrating the noteworthy effects of the gut’s microbiome on the body’s overall health. In line with this research, the Guidelines for Atopic Disease Prevention (GLAD-p) panel concluded that prebiotic and probiotic supplementation for infants is likely to decrease the risk of developing a food allergy (Mazzocchi et al. 2017). The positive effects of probiotic supplementation have not been confirmed by meta-analyses (Mazzocchi et al. 2017), but the World Allergy Organization still makes an undetailed suggestion that mothers of high-risk infants and infants at high risk of allergy should be recommended to take probiotics, likely due to the promising results of earlier studies (Fiocchi et al. 2015). One study involving a combination oral immunotherapy to peanut and intake of Lactobacillus GG resulted in the desensitization of peanut for 89.7% of the participants. It was speculated that this was due to the theorized effect of the probiotic on T-regulatory cells (Mazzocchi et al. 2017). Another review analyzed nine trials consisting of 895 pediatric cow’s milk allergy patients and also found positive results. The administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is likely to have resulted in inducing tolerance among infants suspected of cow’s milk allergy. However, the relief of symptoms cannot be stated with absolute certainty due to imprecise results and attrition bias (Tan-Lim & Esteban-Ipac 2018). All in all, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation has demonstrated positive results thus far, but has yet to be proven on a larger scale.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 improves eating behaviors and mood-related factors in adults with overweight during weight loss: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Béatrice S.-Y. Choi, Lucie Brunelle, Geneviève Pilon, Brunella Gonzalez Cautela, Thomas A. Tompkins, Vicky Drapeau, André Marette, Angelo Tremblay
When it comes to beneficial effect of probiotics, it is crucial to consider the type of the bacteria, as modes of action can be either widespread to common studied probiotics, species or strain-specific [14]. The genera Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (formerly known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus) [15] is one of the most common probiotics used and documented. Some strains of L. rhamnosus have shown to positively impact weight loss [16] and help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans [17], as well as lower stress-induced corticosterone and anxiety- and depression-related behavior in mice [18]. Based on these known characteristics of this genera and on preliminary data showing L. rhamnosus HA-114 lowered fat accumulation more efficiently than other strains in Caenorhabditis elegans (unpublished data, Laboratory of J.A. Parker, University of Montreal, for Lallemand Health Solutions), we decided to examine this probiotic’s potential to improve metabolic and cognitive health in adult participants submitted to a dietary weight loss intervention.
Potential applications of drug delivery technologies against radiation enteritis
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Dongdong Liu, Meng Wei, Wenrui Yan, Hua Xie, Yingbao Sun, Bochuan Yuan, Yiguang Jin
Probiotics are effective in ameliorating the microbial dysbiosis and inflammation caused by inflammatory pathogens in RE. However, oral delivery of them greatly limits their potential health benefits due to the occurrence of strong acids in the stomach. A gut-targeted hydrogel loaded with probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) was prepared by self-cross-linking of thiolated HA. When exposure to the H2S excreted from surrounding gut pathogens, the hydrogel locally degraded and rapidly released probiotics to compete with the source pathogens. Compared with free Lactobacillus rhamnosus, the encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus exerted better therapeutic effect against Salmonella-induced enteritis with negligible toxicity in vivo [120]. Therefore, redox-responsive hydrogels may be a promising encapsulation and delivery system for improving the efficacy of oral probiotics to alleviate RE inflammation.
Assessment of rationality of available fixed dose combinations of antibiotics in India
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Pooja Anand, Navjot Kaur, Veena Verma, Nusrat Shafiq, Samir Malhotra
An important concern that is largely unexplored is that of antibiotic–probiotic combinations. Although, some evidence of moderate benefit of probiotics for antibiotic associated diarrhea does exist [34–37]; these cannot be extrapolated to justify use as FDC for the following reasons. Firstly, if we administer probiotic as FDC with antibiotic then the amount of probiotic delivered would vary in accordance with dosing frequency of antibiotic component (e.g. amoxicillin (QID) versus cefixime (BD) and thus biological effects may vary. Secondly, since the beneficial effects seen with different probiotics vary across different genus and even strains; therefore, these findings cannot be generalized arbitrarily [37]. Most evidence for beneficial effect on antibiotic associated diarrhea exists for Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii strains in specific daily doses [35–37]. However, Lactobacillus acidophilus is the most commonly utilized strain in FDCs available in India.