China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Dina G. Tiniakos, Alastair D. Burt
In primary biliary cholangitis (previously referred to as primary biliary cirrhosis), there is a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in portal tracts, and lymphocytes can be seen migrating into the biliary epithelium which then degenerates and dies. This disease primarily affects small bile ducts and may also destroy the canals of Hering. Approximately a quarter of biopsies contain epithelioid granulomas, sometimes in the hepatic parenchyma, but often close to bile ducts (Figure 11.7). Patients are typically women in their sixth decade who may present with jaundice or itch (pruritus), due to retention of bile salts, and a general feeling of malaise. Sometimes sequelae of cirrhosis such as ruptured oesophageal varices result in an accelerated and more dramatic presentation. The disease is often indolent and evidence may be found of abnormalities in liver function tests with the presence of anti-mitochondrial antibodies stretching back for some years if blood samples are available for testing.
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Biliary Tree
Published in Gianfranco Alpini, Domenico Alvaro, Marco Marzioni, Gene LeSage, Nicholas LaRusso, The Pathophysiology of Biliary Epithelia, 2020
Maturation of the intrahepatic biliary tree constitutes an elegant mechanism for maintaining potency of the biliary passages, whilst undergoing major structural reorganization throughout the second and third trimesters and into the post-partum period. As bile begins to flow around the 12th week of gestation, the physiologic events of bile formation can proceed without structural impediment. An intriguing array of interrelated conditions arises out of malformed development of the intrahepatic biliary tree. Identification of specific gene defects for many of these conditions, especially Alagille syndrome, congenital hepatic fibrosis, and polycystic liver disease and polycystic kidney disease, offers major opportunity to elucidate the cell-to-cell and cell-to-mesenchyme interactions that dictate development of the duct system. Moreover, definitive identification of the structure of the bile ductular: canal of Hering unit has substantial relevance to adult liver pathophysiology. It is this compartment, which contains potential cells capable of differentiating into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, and progenitor stem cells intrinsic to the liver lie alongside the bile ductule: canal of Hering unit. These cells serve as a reservoir for hepatic reconstitution in the event of injury, and also appear to be the compartment of entry for extrahepatically-derived stem cells.117 Hence, the embryological development of the intrahepatic biliary tree has taken on major significance as we attempt to gain new insights into the pathobiology of hepatic disease.
Structural Organization of the Liver
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
Bile ductules (terminal ductules, cholangioles, canals of Hering) form short channels that convey bile from bile canaliculi to the interlobular bile ducts in the portal tract. They are lined by cuboidal cells and are often difficult to identify in the normal liver. At the junction with the bile canaliculus, bile ductular cells share a canalicular lumen with hepatocytes (Figure 31). The bile ductules are smaller than the interlobular bile ducts, usually measuring 15–20 μm in diameter. Their lumenal surface has short microvilli. The nuclei and mitochondria of the ductular cells are smaller than those of adjacent hepatocytes. The endoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed, but the Golgi complex and pinocytotic vesicles are well developed, suggesting that ductular cells are active, presumably in absorption and secretion (Jones and Spring-Mills, 1984; Steinlieb, 1972; Steiner and Carruthers, 1961).
Liver stiffness measurements by 2-dimensional shear wave elastography compared to histological and ultrasound parameters in primary biliary cholangitis
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Emanuel K. Manesis, Maria Schina, Irene Vafiadis, Ilias Gatos, John Theotokas, Pavlos Zoumpoulis, Peter Drazinos, John Ketikoglou, Ioanna K. Delladetsima, Dina G. Tiniakos
A liver biopsy (LB) is not necessary for diagnosis of PBC, unless the biochemical and/or serological data of a particular patient are equivocal [1,4]. Liver histology, however, in addition to being the standard for the evaluation of fibrosis stage, is very useful for the assessment of bile duct loss, integrity of canals of Hering lymphocyte interface activity and other factors carrying prognostic significance in PBC [8,9]. Three major staging systems have been used to assess histological disease severity in PBC [10–13]. All three define four stages, taking into consideration various characteristics, such as portal and/or periportal inflammation, ductular reaction, chronic cholestasis and fibrosis.
Neuroimmunomodulation of adrenoblockers during liver cirrhosis: modulation of hepatic stellate cell activity
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Mariana Yazmin Medina Pizaño, María de Jesús Loera Arias, Roberto Montes de Oca Luna, Odila Saucedo Cárdenas, Javier Ventura Juárez, Martin Humberto Muñoz Ortega
HPCs exist in normal liver tissue in the progenitor cell compartment and reside in the canals of Hering in bile ducts. HPCs are referred to as oval cells and possess the potential to differentiate toward the hepatocytic or biliary phenotype. Histologically, these cells adopt the appearance of small epithelial cells with an oval nucleus and scant cytoplasm. They express markers such as OV-6 and chromogranin A. As reservoir cells, HPCs were shown to be activated in a wide range of liver diseases and conditions, such as sub-massive necrosis, chronic viral hepatitis, and fatty liver disease [31].
Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic morphometric image analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in association of HCV infection
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2018
Sarah Hassan, Soheir S Mansy, Sahar A Tabak, Ahmed S AbdelFattah, Ahmed M Abdel-Aziz, Olfat Hamam, Mohammed I Seleem, Amr Abdelaal
In the present work, the dysplastic nodules of the TFMs were characterized by the appearance of many CK 19-positive canaliculo ductular junctions or canals of Hering at the interface between the lobular nodule and the portal fibrosis. This result is consistent with the ultrastructural finding of Mansy et al.7 who reported an excessive formation of canals of Hering in dysplastic nodules and their absence in HCC lesions. This result is an adjunctive finding for the distinction between dysplastic and HCC nodules, beside the reported data in the present work and the illustration in Figure 3.