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Pituitary emergencies:
Published in Nadia Barghouthi, Jessica Perini, Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, 2021
Jessica Perini, Nadia Barghouthi, Gayatri Jaiswal
Necrosis of the somatotrophs of the pituitary impairs production of growth hormone.Growth hormone deficiency can lead to fatigue, decrease in muscle or lean body mass, and a diminished sense of well-being.
Features of Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
Of special interest is studying of the dynamics of the content of the somatotropic hormone (STH). The background level of it in both groups of healthy persons was practically the same (0.72 ng/ml in group 1 and 0.69 ng/ml in group 2). However, under the influence of a lipid load, the dynamics of the level of this hormone in the blood differed in the two groups. In group 1, the STH level was 1.06 ng/ml in three hours, 1.32 in six, 0.58 in nine, and 0.82 ng/ml in 24 hours. The dynamics was less pronounced in group 2, namely, 0.98, 0.90, 0.67, and 0.74 ng/ml in three, six, nine, and 24 hours, respectively.
The Endocrine System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The anterior pituitary hormones under hypothalamic control are thyrotropic hormone (thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), gonadotropins (both follicle stimulating hormone or FSH and luteinizing hormone or LH), somatotropic hormone (growth hormone or GH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and prolactin(Pr), each regulated by a feedback mechanism (Figure 15.2). These regulate the productivity of the other glands: of the endocrine system. The suffix -tropic contained in many of these terms denotes a turning toward or having an affinity for something, while the root portion reflects the location or function; for example thyro = thyroid, gonado = gonads, and somato — body.
Transient Permeation Enhancer® (TPE®) technology for oral delivery of octreotide: a technological evaluation
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Acromegaly is a chronic non-inherited orphan condition caused in the majority of individuals by a benign pituitary adenoma. The tumor secretes elevated plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), which in turn stimulates liver production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) [1]. The pathogenesis is caused by tumorigenic somatotroph cells of the pituitary gland, leading to abnormal growth of joints, internal tissues and organs, accompanied by arthritis and an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease [2,3]. Initial symptoms are enlarged facial features, accompanied by joint pain. Diagnosis is made by measuring plasma IGF-1 or by carrying out a GH suppression test in response to an oral glucose challenge, followed by imaging of the pituitary gland [4]. Worldwide estimates for patients suffering from acromegaly are 28–137 cases/million people [5].
Targeted literature review of the humanistic and economic burden of adult growth hormone deficiency
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Jane Loftus, Cecilia Camacho-Hubner, Judith Hey-Hadavi, Kelly Goodrich
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition that arises when the pituitary gland fails to produce sufficient growth hormone (GH) – causing an array of downstream metabolic effects. GH is secreted by the somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating growth and cell reproduction by interacting with a GH receptor dimer on the surfaces of target cells1. In adulthood, it is particularly important for maintaining muscle and bone mass, as well as facilitating widespread metabolic effects throughout the body. It has been recognized that GHD in adults leads to increased morbidity (metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, muscle wasting and impaired quality of life) and increased mortality in the form of increased incidence of cardiovascular events2–8. The decreased muscle mass and exercise capacity, increased visceral fat and unfavorable lipid alterations observed in patients with aGHD contributes to the physical severity of the disease, whilst the impact of aGHD on memory, social functioning and fatigue contributes to the limited productivity associated with the disease9–11.
Occurrence of Hypopituitarism in Tunisian Turner Syndrome patients: familial versus sporadic cases
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
M. Mnif-Feki, W. Safi, N. Bougacha-Elleuch, G. Abid, M. Moalla, M. Elleuch, D. H. Ben Salah, N. Rekik, N. Belguith, F. Abdelhedi, T. Kammoun, M. Hachicha, N. Charfi, F. Mnif, H. Kammoun, H. Hadj Kacem, F. Hadj-Kacem, M. Abid
The somatotropic axis was preserved in only one sporadic case, among all explored patients. However, the gonadotropin and thyreotropin axes were deficient in all familial cases and only in 2/7 sporadic patients; suggesting a co-segregation with a gene implied in gonadotropin and thyrotropin cell differentiation and development. It is worth mentioning that in our series, unlike familial cases aged between 40 and 57 years, sporadic patients are still young (20 years) to be definitively evaluated for their gonadotropin function. A regular follow-up would be necessary.