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The Pathophysiology of Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Published in Asim Kurjak, John M. Beazley, Fetal Growth Retardation: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2020
Somatomedin and other growth factors also are involved in fetal development. Somatomedin is the best characterized of these but epidermal growth factor and other generally or locally acting factors are relevant. The fetal liver, lungs, and other tissues synthesize somatomedin: it does not cross the placenta. Cord blood levels are directly related to birthweight, being low in the growth retarded.57
The Autonomic Nervous System and Fibromyalgia
Published in Robert M. Bennett, The Clinical Neurobiology of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain, 2020
This body of evidence derived from different groups of researchers, strongly suggest that dysautonomia is prevalent in patients with FMS. Such dysautonomia can be characterized as relentless sympathetic hyperactivity throughout the day [particularly at night-time] with hypo-reactivity to stress. Sympathetic hyperactivity may explain the endocrine abnormalities that have been reported in FMS, e.g., the growth hormone axis dysfunction repotted by Bennett et al. (12). They described that FMS patients have low serum levels of somatomedin-C [a growth hormone stable product]. It has been established that growth hormone secretion occurs mostly at night and that sympathetic hyperactivity impairs this secretion.
Biochemical Parameters and Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
Growth hormone activates the release of somatomedin C from the liver. It is the universal growth factor in children. It has a biological half-life period of 24 hours and remains in blood circulation, bound to one binding protein out of six binding proteins (IGFBP). IGFBP-3 is the most predominant binding protein that binds nearly 80% of the IGF in blood circulation. There is a ratio of 1:1 between IGF and IGFBP-3, which in turn is controlled by insulin (Christoffersen et al. 1994).
Impaired Placentation and Early Pregnancy Loss in Patients with MTHFR Polymorphisms and Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Rumeysa Hekimoglu Gurbuz, Pergin Atilla, Gokcen Orgul, Atakan Tanacan, Anil Dolgun, Ayse Nur Cakar, Mehmet Sinan Beksac
IGF-1 (somatomedin-C/mechano growth factor) is a 7649 kDa single chain polypeptide (proinsulin analog) activating DNA synthesis and trophoblast proliferation [26]. It is controlled by growth factors, and it activates and supports decidualization [35]. It has six IGF-binding proteins [26]. In our study, IGF-1 expression was found to be reduced in the superficial and glandular cells of the decidua and in decidual cells in both MTHFR and type-1 DM groups. Its expression was also found to be reduced in the interstitial trophoblasts, while it was increased in the villous cytotrophoblasts which may indicate impaired placentation.
Extending Phenotypic Spectrum of 17q22 Microdeletion: Growth Hormone Deficiency
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Ceren Damla Durmaz, Şule Altıner, Elifcan Taşdelen, Halil Gürhan Karabulut, Hatice Ilgın Ruhi
To detect the etiology of short stature of patient, Somatomedin C levels was evaluated and was low, 20 ng/ml (49–171 ng/ml). The patient was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and growth hormone (GH) replacement treatment was started. After two years of treatment, the Somatomedin C levels are now within the expected reference range. Laboratory tests that were performed to detect an inborn error of metabolism were normal.
Clinical relevance of insulin-like growth factor-1 to cardiovascular risk markers
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Ko Harada, Yoshihisa Hanayama, Mikako Obika, Koichi Itoshima, Ken Okada, Fumio Otsuka
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone with a similar molecular structure to insulin, which is mainly produced in the liver. In addition to mediating of GH-independent anabolic responses in many cells and tissues, IGF-1 functions as the major mediator of growth hormone (GH)-related somatic growth [1].