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Clinical Considerations in Radiotracer Biodistribution Studies
Published in Lelio G. Colombetti, Biological Transport of Radiotracers, 2020
Perchlorate has been used extensively to alter the uptake of pertechnetate in the choroid plexus. The ability of sodium Perchlorate to attenuate or block the uptake of pertechnetate at its usual uptake sites has been advantageous, however, by blocking several secretion routes; concentrations in blood, tumor, and brain are generally increased. These levels decline more slowly and this leads to prolonged tissue concentrations.27 This tissue redistribution of pertechnetate probably results, in part, from release of pertechnetate from plasma into red cells within 2 to 3 min after Perchlorate administration.28 Sodium periodate oxidation of membrane carbohydrates in intact cells seems to affect membrane permeability and induce cellular transformation.8 Perchlorate would be expected to have similar effects on cell membranes.
Pendred’s Syndrome: Association of Congenital Deafness with Sporadic Goiter
Published in Geraldo Medeiros-Neto, John Bruton Stanbury, Inherited Disorders of the Thyroid System, 2019
Geraldo Medeiros-Neto, John Bruton Stanbury
Milutinovic et al.40 and Almeida et al.49 have described an increased sensitivity of the thyroid in Pendred’s syndrome to the blocking effect of perchlorate. After administration of 2 g of KC104, serial 131I uptakes, performed every 24 hours, were blocked for up to 3 days whereas in normal controls the blockage was present only for the first 24 hours (Figure 5). This increased sensitivity of the affected tissue to perchlorate remains unexplained.
Aetiology and Pathogenesis of Goitre
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Neil Sharma, Kristien Boelaert
Perchlorate, a potent inhibitor of iodine uptake, is found in rocket fuel and accelerants, bleach and some fertilizers. It has not been shown to have any effect clinically on thyroid function at the levels encountered though environmental exposure, and it is therefore unlikely to have any effect on thyroid volume.25 The US Environmental Protection Agency found perchlorate in 4% of drinking water samples tested nationally, and subsequently has issued notice that the perchlorate content of water will be regulated. The cut-off for detectable levels was, however, many orders of magnitude lower than that thought necessary to cause thyroidal effects.
Enhanced toxicity of 2,2-bis(chloromethyl) trimethylene bis[bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate] (V6) by nanopolystyrene particles towards HeLa cells
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Zheng Zhong, Xin Liu, Yiming Ruan, Ziwei Li, Junxian Li, Lili Sun, Sen Hou
The cells were seeded in the confocal dish by 1 × 105 cells/mL and cultured for 12h. Then the culture medium was removed and the cells were washed once with PBS. The cells were incubated for 4 h with green fluorescent NPs of different sizes. Then the cells were washed three times with PBS. The cells were stained with DiD perchlorate for 30 min and washed three times with PBS. DiD perchlorate was used to stain cell membranes and other fat-soluble biological structures. The cells were observed with a confocal microscopy (LSM800, Zeiss, German). The excitation wavelength of confocal laser was 644 nm, and the emission wavelength was 663 nm for DiD perchlorate. The excitation wavelength was 488 nm, and the emission wavelength was 525 nm for fluorescent NPs. All measurements were repeated for three times.
Modeling principles of protective thyroid blocking
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Alexis Rump, Stefan Eder, Cornelius Hermann, Andreas Lamkowski, Manabu Kinoshita, Tetsuo Yamamoto, Junya Take, Michael Abend, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Matthias Port
Another pharmacological agent that inhibits the accumulation of iodine in the gland is perchlorate that could be an alternative to stable iodine (Harris et al. 2009; Hänscheid et al. 2011). Quite similarly to iodine, it is rapidly absorbed from the gut with a high systemic bioavailability (95%) and eliminated virtually unchanged by renal excretion with a half-time in the range of 8 h to 12 h (ATSDR 2008; Lorber 2009; BAuA 2016). After the report of several cases of fatal aplastic anemia in the 1960s, its use became very limited in many countries. Meanwhile, there is a resurgence of use in some countries, in particular for the treatment of amiodarone induced thyroid dysfunction, and there are no reports of serious side effects (Wolff 1998; Suwansaksri et al. 2018) that would justify excluding its use for thyroidal protection against iodine-131. However, in official recommendations, it is mostly considered as a second choice agent and moreover perchlorate has no official approval as a medication or is not marketed in all countries (e.g. it is not available anymore in the US or in Japan) (Reference.md 2020). Nevertheless, it seems that it may be advantageous in some scenarios like prolonged radioiodine exposure (Eder et al. 2020).
Comparison the sensitivity of amphibian metamorphosis assays with NF 48 stage and NF 51 stage Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Yin-Feng Zhang, Hai-Ming Xu, Fei Yu, Hong-Yu Yang, Dong-Dong Jia, Pei-Feng Li
Perchlorate, a common aquatic contaminant, is well known to disrupt homeostasis of the HPT axis by inhibiting TH synthesis via competitive inhibition of the sodium-iodide symporter (Serrano-Nascimento et al. 2018). Perchlorate salts are strong oxidizers and are widely used as components of fireworks, airbags, and currently applied fertilizers (Cole-Dai et al. 2018). In this study, we used the environmentally relevant concentrations of 32–125 μg/L SP to validate the sensitivity and applicability of the optimized AMA (Carr and Patino 2011). This selected concentration of SP is within environmental ranges measured in surface and ground waters of many industrial nations and in bodies of water in which amphibians breed (Carr and Patino 2011; Ruthsatz et al. 2018). The tadpoles at stage 48 or stage 51 from a clutch were exposed to a series of concentrations of SP (32, 63, and 125 µg/L), with the chlorinated tap water as control. The exposure procedure is conducted following the MMI treatment, as described above. The numbers of NF 48 or NF 51 stage X. laevis tadpoles analyzed in SP treatment on day 7 and at the end of the exposure is listed in Table 1.