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Thorax
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
Parasympathetic Bronchoconstrictor fibres (Vagus)Secretomotor fibres to the mucous glands
Relationship Between Airway Wall Thickness and Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Published in Alastair G. Stewart, AIRWAY WALL REMODELLING in ASTHMA, 2020
Five studies19,23,26,35,36 of mucous gland area in asthma have been undertaken. In cases of fatal asthma the average increase in mucous gland area compared with controls was 151% (61–285%) and in nonfatal cases was 25% (22–27%). Extraparenchymal cartilaginous airways were predominantly examined, although in some studies any airway containing cartilage or glands was included. This could result in bias if mucous glands are present in a greater number of distal (smaller) airways in patients with asthma than in control cases. This would result in an underestimation of the average area of mucous glands in central airways for cases of asthma. It is unknown if the distribution of mucous glands down the bronchial tree changes in asthma.
Radiation Damage of Skin and Mucous Membrane
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
At the end of the second week (2000–2400 R), the patient complains of soreness, dysphagia, and pain when swallowing.10 Dryness of the mouth may be observed, and coarse and highly seasoned foods are poorly tolerated. Taste may be altered and appetite may be decreased. Mastication of dry, solid food is more difficult. Erythema, prominence of papillae, and patchy radiation mucositis limited to the palate and uvula may appear. There may also be hypersecretion by the mucous glands.10
Effect of Agmatine on a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation: A comparative study
Published in Autoimmunity, 2022
Mohammed K. Еlmahdy, Rania R. Abdelaziz, Hoda S. Elmahdi, Ghada M. Suddеk
Effects of Agm on lung histopathology in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Fig. (i) Effect of Beclo and Agm on perivascular inflammation and edoema (×200): Saline-nebulized healthy lung revealed normal lung tissue without edoema or inflammation (A). The OVA group demonstrated the highest bronchial and peribronchiolar inflammation (B) and perivascular edoema (C). The Beclo group illustrated perivascular edoema and moderate inflammation (D). The Agm group demonstrated minimal perivascular edoema and less inflammatory mediators (E). Fig. (ii) Effects of Beclo and Agm on epithelial and mucus gland hyperplasia (×200): healthy lung illustrated normal epithelial thickness without mucus gland hyperplasia (A). The OVA-challenged group showed marked epithelial thickness with mucous gland hyperplasia (B). The Beclo-treated group demonstrated mild epithelial thickness and mucus gland hyperplasia (C). The Agm group demonstrated moderate epithelial thickness with mild mucus gland hyperplasia (D). Fig. (iii) Effects of Beclo and Agm on goblet cell hyperplasia (PAS × 200): healthy lung demonstrated no or rare goblet cells (A). The OVA group showed goblet cell hyperplasia (B). The Beclo group illustrated minimal goblet cells (C). The Agm group did not show goblet cell hyperplasia (D).
Salamanders and caecilians, neglected from the chemical point of view
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Isadora Alves de Vasconcelos, Jéssica Oliveira de Souza, Jessica Schneider de Castro, Carlos José Correia de Santana, Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães, Mariana de Souza Castro, Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
The amphibian skin is of extreme importance. Being permeable to water, it has several key roles necessary for the survival of these animals, such as gas exchange, osmoregulation, control of temperature, and defence mechanisms against pathogens and predators (Duellman et al.1994, Clarke 1997). All amphibians have mucous glands and poison glands on their skin that also help with these functions. Mucous glands are small and numerous, usually scattered throughout the body, keeping the skin moist and providing conditions for cutaneous breathing. The poison (= granular) can be found accumulated in specific spots or evenly distributed, depending on the species. They are associated with directly innervated myoepithelial cells, suggesting the release of their products in situations of stress or mechanical compression created by predators (Duellman et al.1994, Toledo and Jared 1995, Clarke 1997).
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Tearing in Patients after Radioiodine Ablation for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Vasily D. Yartsev, Vladimir A. Solodkiy, Dmitriy K. Fomin, Tatiana E. Borisenko, Eugenia L. Atkova
At the moment, there is evidence that theoretically confirms the greater possibility of SALDO development in patients who administer radioiodine dose with larger strength. In particular, Ali M.J. et al. using SPECT/CT demonstrated that accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical in nasal cavity is higher along with higher administered dose strength.10 However, the resolution of this imaging technique does not allow us to view separately the tissues of nasal cavity and nasolacrimal ducts while I131 accumulation may be different there, since it is associated with active uptake by a specific protein with unequal expression. Another study demonstrated that with an increase in the cumulative dose of the drug, the risk of developing SALDO increases.11 Despite this, it seems too early to assert that the possibility of developing SALDO after radioiodine therapy is linearly dependent on administered dose strength. Perhaps, not only cumulative dose is important, but also the number of treatment courses, since from the histopathological point of view, alteration is followed by the induction of reparative processes that do not always result in fibrosis, while the latter is one of the pathogenetic units of SALDO after radioiodine therapy.12 At the same time, repeated alterations can contribute to the chronicity of inflammatory process and make a greater contribution to the damage to mucous glands of nasolacrimal duct and to fibrosis induction than the strength of administered dose.