China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Cows: Change in Trends!
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Ana Heras-Molina, José Luis Pesantez Pacheco, Susana Astiz
Other hormones that have been studied in order to improve fertility after the implementation of Ovsynch protocol and its variants in dairy cattle are equine and human chorionic gonadotropin, eCG or hCG in addition to progestins. Studies where a dose of eCG is administrated on the day of CIDR removal, has shown an improvement of fertility, especially in animals with detrimental nutrition status (Macmillan and Burke, 1996). On the other hand, utilization of hCG is effective in reducing the incidence of short return intervals (Schmitt et al., 1996), since the effectiveness of this hormone inducing the ovulation of the dominant follicle is similar to that observed after GnRH administration (Schmitt et al., 1996), but with a direct effect on the ovary and with a longer half-life (De Rensis et al., 2010).
Xenogeneic Donkey-In-Horse Pregnancy Created by Embryo Transfer
Published in Gérard Chaouat, The Immunology of the Fetus, 2020
W. R. Allen, Julia H. Kydd, D. F. Antczak
The fetal endometrial cup cells are the source of high concentrations of gonadotrophic hormone (equine chorionic gonadotrophin; eCG) present in the blood of mares during the first half of pregnancy.9,12 This high-molecular-weight placental glycoprotein uniquely expresses both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-like and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like biological activities.18 It first appears in maternal serum at Days 37 to 40, and levels rise rapidly to a peak between Days 55 and 70. Thereafter, concentrations decline steadily until the hormone eventually disappears from the blood between Days 100 and 140, shortly after dehisence of the necrotic endometrial cups.19,20
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Lithium is primarily excreted unmetabolized through the kidneys. The therapeutic plasma drug concentration range is 0.5–1.2 meq/L. Many of lithium’s several adverse effects are dose-related, these include fine tremor, weight gain, polydipsia/polyuria, gastrointestinal upset, impaired coordination, leukocytosis, alopecia, ankle edema, and acne. Other side effects include ECG changes/arrhythmias, disturbances of thyroid function, exacerbations of psoriasis, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia, hyperparathyroidism, and possible renal impairment.
Approaches for the discovery of drugs that target K Na 1.1 channels in KCNT1-associated epilepsy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Barbara Miziak, Stanisław J Czuczwar
Quinidine treatment was undertaken in 61% of patients with EIMFS (at doses of 30 – >90 mg/kg/d depending on the patient) and in 33% of patients with EOEE (at <30 mg/kg/d). During this time, all patients were additionally treated with antiepileptic drugs and some EIMFS patients were put on a ketogenic diet. Clinical data showed that about half of the patients had no response (40%) or had worsening and increased seizures (15%), while a > 50% reduction in seizures was observed in 20% and no seizures were reported in only one patient. Side effects included cardiac arrhythmias, ECG changes, increased liver enzymes and rash [105]. Details of patient cases in the cited clinical trial are available in reference #105. The authors suggested that the ambiguous response of patients to quinidine might be related to aspects such as phenotype (patients who responded best to treatment had R929Q, R950Q, and R961S variants). Furthermore, and perhaps crucially, all of these variants are located directly distal from the NADP domain within the RCK2 domain [105]. Another argument cited by the authors is the previously suggested unfavorable interaction between quinidine and drugs that induce hepatic enzymes (phenobarbital or phenytoin) – in such correlations a reduction in serum quinidine concentration by up to about 50% was observed [106].
Ginkgo biloba extract 761 reduces vascular permeability of the ovary and improves the symptom of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a rat model
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Jie Zhang, Jie Huang, Xinhuan He, Ning Li, Yu Miao, Beiqing Li, Xiaoguang Shao, Ningning Wang
Forty female immature Wistar rats aged 22 days old (D22) were provided by the Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models for Human Disease of Dalian Medical University (Dalian, China). They were kept under a controlled 12 h light/12h dark life cycle and were fed with a standard laboratory chow diet, with free access to food and water. The animals were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 5), and there was no difference in the initial body weight of each group (p = .382). The interventions of each group were conducted as below: (1) CON, control rats received intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.5 ml/100g) for 5 consecutive days (D22-D26); (2) OHSS, OHSS model rats received 10 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, Solarbio, China, 0.5 ml/100g) for 4 consecutive days (D22-D25) and 30 IU of hCG (Ningbo Renjian Pharmaceutical Group Co.Ltd., China, 0.5 ml/100g) on the 5th day (D26); (3) EGb761 + OHSS, prophylactic treatment group received (intraperitoneal injection) three doses of EGb761 (50 mg/kg/d, 100 mg/kg/d, 200 mg/kg/d) one hour before injection of eCG or hCG for 7 consecutive days; (4) OHSS + EGb761, therapeutic treatment group received (intraperitoneal injection) three doses of EGb761 (50 mg/kg/d, 100 mg/kg/d, 200 mg/kg/d) 48 h after injection of eCG or hCG for 7 consecutive days. Medications were stored and used according to the manufacturers’ instructions. All doses are recommended to be efficacy in humans and extrapolated from animal’s weight. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University (Permit Number: AEE18077).
Antimalarial drugs for treating and preventing malaria in pregnant and lactating women
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Makoto Saito, Mary Ellen Gilder, Rose McGready, François Nosten
In pregnancy, ASMQ is generally well-tolerated for treatment of acute malaria episodes but associated with a higher risk of adverse symptoms than AL or DP [69] but lower than quinine [14,15,91]. An increased risk of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and weakness compared to DP or AL was reported [69]. Early vomiting is frequent when mefloquine is given as a single dose [92], but this risk is mitigated by divided dosing, given after artesunate [15,16]. Early vomiting was observed in 9% (5/55) after the administration of fixed-dose combination [87]. Other distressing but uncommon adverse symptoms include behavioral change (1/850) and insomnia (2.5%, 21/850) [69]. These neuropsychiatric adverse symptoms have plagued military malaria prophylaxis programs and limit mefloquine use in severe malaria but appear to be uncommon with uncomplicated malaria treatment. They are reported to dose-dependent and seem to be different among different ethnicities [16]. Because of these adverse symptoms, mefloquine is contraindicated for the treatment after severe malaria and those who have a history of convulsion or psychiatric disorders. There were no cases with clinically significant hematological or biochemical abnormality reported in pregnancy [69,87–90]. Mefloquine is not regarded as cardiotoxic [16] and there was no cardiotoxicity recorded in a study assessing ECG of 60 pregnant women who received weekly mefloquine prophylaxis [93].