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Key Public Health Concepts of Disaster Preparedness and Response
Published in Emily Ying Yang Chan, Public Health Humanitarian Responses to Natural Disasters, 2017
In public health-and medical-related disaster studies, epidemiology and biostatistics can provide the technical tools to assess and evaluate the impact and outcomes of disasters. Health policy and service analysis can support service emergency preparedness and training planning, and disaster response management. Health protection actions, such as outbreak and infection control, environmental health assessment and protection, and psychological first aid to support the mental health of responders and affected community, are important activities to protect the community from the secondary impact of a disaster. Health promotion, nutritional programmes, health risk communication, resource mobilisation and technical capacity building (e.g. human resources development and disaster response team building) might not only support a disaster-affected community but also improve its underlying resilience in its health systems and technical capacity and, ultimately, safeguard the health and well-being of the community.
Health impact of disasters on older people
Published in Emily Ying Yang Chan, Disaster Public Health and Older People, 2019
Communicable diseases may trigger epidemic and pandemic-prone diseases, such as cholera, meningitis, influenza, SARS, viral haemorrhagic fevers (e.g. Ebola) and Zika virus disease, and result in high mortality and morbidity. An infectious disease disaster refers to “events that involve a biological agent/disease and that result in mass casualties, such as a bioterrorism attack, a pandemic, or an outbreak of an emerging infectious disease” (Rebmann, 2014, pp. 120–121). They can threaten human health and security, leading to national, regional and global wide disaster. Therefore, it requires well-planned emergency management in preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases (see Case Box 6.4).
Emergency preparedness
Published in Jan de Boer, Marcel Dubouloz, Handbook of Disaster Medicine, 2020
This chapter1 discusses aspects of emergency preparedness for the health sector. In particular, it covers: – the context of emergency preparedness;– a health sector emergency preparedness and response framework;– developing emergency preparedness programmes;– managing the emergency planning process.
Economic evaluation using dynamic transition modeling of ebola virus vaccination in lower-and-middle-income countries
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2021
Mavis Obeng-Kusi, Magdiel A. Habila, Denise J. Roe, Brian Erstad, Ivo Abraham
Despite the availability of measures to prevent them, a wide range of hazards continues to afflict public health the world over; necessitating timely and effective response and mitigation1. It is in this light that emergency preparedness – “the knowledge, and capacities and organizational systems developed by governments, response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, emerging or current emergencies” – emerged2. In fact, countries are requested to develop and maintain a process in which action, funding, partnerships, and commitments exist at all levels to minimize the risks posed by such emergencies and to attenuate their impact1. The immense global consequences of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), along with other outbreaks such as inter alia, ebola virus disease (EVD) and measles, spotlight the emergency prospects of infectious diseases. Emergency preparedness aimed at establishing systems and plans for early detection and effective response are, thus, critical for managing infectious disease outbreaks3.