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Viral Infections in HIV Disease
Published in Clay J. Cockerell, Antoanella Calame, Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease, 2012
Wei Su, Cindy Berthelot, Clay J. Cockerell
Plantar warts located over pressure points of the feet, may be extremely painful and may limit normal daily activities. Common warts are firm papules 1–10 mm in diameter with a verrucous, hyperkeratotic surface. Characteristic red or brown dots, representing thrombosed capillary loops, are best seen with a hand lens. Early plantar warts (verruca plantaris) are small, shiny, sharply defined papules. The papules evolve into plaques with a rough hyperkeratotic surface studded with red-brown dots. As with common warts, normal dermatoglyphics are disrupted in plantar warts. ‘Kissing’ lesions may occur on opposing surfaces of two toes. Flat warts (verruca plana) are sharply defined, skin-colored to brown, flat papules 1–5 mm in diameter. They may be round, oval, polygonal, or linear due to self-inoculation by scratching. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a HPV-associated genodermatosis with autosomal recessive inheritance. Regarded as a model of cutaneous HPV oncogenesis, it is caused by several HPV types including 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 14. EDV lesions are extensive flat warts of the face, trunk, and extremities primarily, that often coalesce and may simulate tinea versicolor52 (12). They often involve sun-exposed surfaces and may be erythematous. The condition represents a genetic inability of the host to destroy HPV and is associated with development of SCC.
The Principles and Medical Applications of Lasers and Intense-Pulsed Light in Dermatology
Published in Henry W. Lim, Herbert Hönigsmann, John L. M. Hawk, Photodermatology, 2007
Lasers used for the treatment of Verrucae vulgaris is controversial. The treatment is often nonspecific and can generate a plume of infectious smoke which must be evacuated by a filter (19). However, the treatment can be effective for recalcitrant verruca that have not responded to the traditional treatments (20). It is the author’s experience that the pulsed-dye laser can be an effective treatment for multiple verruca located on the hands, but several treatments are required and the settings have to be adjusted to induce significant purpura of the affected lesions and surrounding skin. The pulsed dye is less effective for Verruca plantaris. These may respond to the CO2 laser, but scarring complications are not uncommon. However, the ability to simultaneously destroy tissue while maintaining hemostasis can be very helpful and the CO2 can compare favorably to other treatments for the treatment of recalcitrant verruca.
Principles of Clinical Diagnosis
Published in Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern, Illustrated Manual of Pediatric Dermatology, 2005
Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern
Verruca vulgaris Verruca plantarisGlomus tumorsEccrine poroma
Combined therapy of plantar warts with topical bleomycin and microneedling: a comparative controlled study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Hend D. Gamil, Mohamed M. Nasr, Fathia M. Khattab, Amira M. Ibrahim
Plantar wart (Verruca plantaris) is a wart occurring on the sole or toes of the foot. Plantar warts can be painful due to their callused, endophytic papules that have deeply penetrating sloping sides and a central depression (1). The types of human papillomavirus (HPV) that have been isolated from plantar warts include HPV-1, -2, -3, -4, -27, -29, -57, -60, -63, -65, -66, and -69. In one randomized controlled trial, 88% of plantar warts were caused by HPV-1, -2, -27, or -57. Most plantar warts are attributed to HPV-1 (2). Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. Transmission of warts occurs from direct person to person contact or indirectly by fomites (3). Treatment of plantar warts is a therapeutic challenge regarding both tolerability and efficacy. An innovative approach of combining microneedling with topical bleomycin for the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts was first reported by Konicke and Olasz (4).
A comprehensive review of treatment options for recalcitrant nongenital cutaneous warts
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Kanchana Leerunyakul, Sasima Thammarucha, Poonkiat Suchonwanit, Suthinee Rutnin
Cutaneous warts are a common dermatological condition caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). More than 100 HPV genotypes have been identified to date. The occurrence of disease widely varies based on different age groups and populations, with an estimated prevalence of up to 33% in primary schoolchildren and up to 22% in the general population (1,2). HPV-associated warts are diagnosed based on anatomical location or morphology such as common warts (verruca vulgaris), flat warts (verruca plana), plantar warts (verruca plantaris), periungual warts, and genital warts (condyloma acuminata) (3). Most patients with cutaneous warts require treatment due to cosmetic disfigurement as well as functional and social concerns.
A comparative study of intralesional injection of Candida albicans antigen, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil for treatment of plane warts
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Abeer Abd Elhakam Hodeib, Basma Gamal Al-Sharkawy, Doaa Salah Hegab, Raghda Ahmed Zaki Talaat
Warts or verrucae are benign epidermal proliferations of the skin and mucosa caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) (1). Warts can be classified into several types including verruca vulgaris, verruca plana (VP), verruca plantaris and condyloma accumenata according to the infection site and form of the lesion. Warts most often occur in pediatric and young adult populations and spread through contact (2).