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Lower legs
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Limb enlargement is associated with congenital vascular abnormalities such as a port wine stain, deeper cavernous vessels, arterio-venous fistulae or venous-lymphatic malformations. The limb enlargement is due to increased blood flow resulting in soft tissue and sometimes bone overgrowth. Typically, a port wine stain is obvious at birth or in early childhood. The limb hypertrophy occurs gradually later on.
Lasers in Medicine: Healing with Light
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
These infrared lasers take advantage of the presence of water in the skin to provide an ability to remove skin and body tissues in general. However, the absorption specificity of lasers operating in the visible has opened new possibilities in dermatology not available with conventional techniques. In particular, lasers can eradicate certain blemishes otherwise resistant to removal. This is especially true of port-wine stains, a type of birthmark often covering extensive regions of the body. The fine mesh of blood capillaries that makes up the port-wine stain is not dangerous, but people may wish to have them removed for cosmetic reasons (Figure 3.1a). A favored treatment for removing port-wine stains is the use of a pulsed dye laser operating at a yellow wavelength of 585 nm. This corresponds to a peak in the absorption of hemoglobin (Figure 3.25), giving good destruction of the blood vessels, and fading the port-wine stains by 80% to 90%. The more transparent surrounding skin absorbs much less of the laser light, and hence there is no scarring. The same laser can also be used for treating unsightly superficial capillaries on the legs, often called spider veins.
Skin
Published in A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll, Paediatric Symptom Sorter, 2017
A Sahib El-Radhi, James Carroll
Port wine stain is always present at birth. When it is localised to the trigeminal area of the face, the diagnosis is Sturge-Weber syndrome. Beware of glaucoma and seizure as a complication. CT scan of the head is likely to show calcification.
Topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in Chinese patients with Rosacea
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Yan Sun, Lianghong Chen, Yuhui Zhang, Xinghua Gao, Yan Wu, Hongduo Chen
PDT has numerous antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects (19). In the treatment of condylomata acuminata and skin carcinoma, PDT induces necrosis/apoptosis in dysplastic/neoplastic cells and influences tumor microvasculature. Additionally, it generates high levels of reactive oxygen species to induce potent vascular damage and hypoxia. PDT has also proven to be effective in the treatment of port-wine stain. In this condition, the photosensitizer is activated by light at an appropriate wavelength, and it circulates in blood vessels. Selective photodynamic damage to the walls of vessels associated with port-wine stain ultimately closes the vessels and causes blanching without destruction of surrounding skin tissue (20,21). The photosensitizer used to treat port-wine stain is hemporfin, which is different from ALA. However, another study showed that ALA is also effective for vessels (22). To treat rosacea, especially ET rosacea, vessels may be destroyed partially or totally by PDT, thus alleviating or even eliminating erythema and/or telangiectasia.
Treatment of port wine stains with 595-nm pulsed dye laser in 27 pediatric patients: A prospective study in the Iranian population
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Ali Sadeghinia, Saba Moghaddas, Soheil Tavakolpour, Amir Teimourpour, Maryam Danespazhooh, Hamidreza Mahmoudi
Port wine stain (PWS) is a cutaneous congenital vascular malformation affecting males and females and all racial groups equally. It is characterized by pink to erythematous skin patches, especially on the face and neck; and has a low incidence of 0.3%–0.5% of the newborn (1). Although its exact etiology has remained unclear, PWS develops as the result of ectatic capillaries in the skin. Most of PWS cases are sporadic, although familial PWS have been described in the literature (2) which suggests the role of genetic background in its development. For example, the somatic variation in specific genes, such as GNAQ has been shown as a factor for the development of PWS (3,4). In spite of being harmless, it can be associated with important cosmetic and psychological implications.
Editorial
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
This edition of the Journal contains many innovative fascinating studies. The first study relates to female vaginal rejuvenation with a radiofrequency device. This new approach has now become part of the aesthetic mainstream and we will see many more studies about this innovative approach. The next study describes a retrospective analysis of the influencing factors and complications of Q-switched lasers in tattoo removal in China. This is followed by studies looking at a prospective analysis of the port-wine stain patient population in the Netherlands in light of novel treatment modalities; gingival melanin depigmentation with an Er:YAG laser; and comparing the effectiveness of laser vs. conventional endoforehead lifting.