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Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
Dentin can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary, depending on when it was formed. Primary dentin is the regular tubular dentin formed before tooth eruption, including mantle dentin. Secondary dentin is the regular circumferential dentin formed after tooth eruption, whose tubules remain continuous with that of the primary dentin. Tertiary dentin is the irregular dentin that is formed in response to abnormal stimuli, such as excess tooth wear, cavity preparation, restorative materials and caries (Cox et al. 2002).
Single Tooth Whitening of Vital Teeth
Published in Linda Greenwall, Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
The tooth experiences trauma. Bleeding occurs within the tooth. The tooth tries to protect itself by laying down protective dentin. This is laid down in the form of secondary and tertiary dentin. The dentin also coats the pulp chamber, and often the pulp chamber appears almost obliterated (see Figure 9.10E). The blood within the tooth breaks down and the hemolysis releases iron, which reacts with hydrogen sulfide, which breaks down to iron sulfide. If the tooth survives the injury, there is rapid deposition of tertiary dentin near the root canal to protect it from the injury and to encourage healing. This is the reason the tooth becomes gray; as the tooth reorganizes, the color can change from black to brown to yellow. The patient is left with a single tooth that has a slightly different color from that of its neighbor. This color difference often is subtle.
Advances of Wnt signalling pathway in dental development and potential clinical application
Published in Organogenesis, 2019
Xi Lu, Jun Yang, Shouliang Zhao, Shangfeng Liu
The essential role of the Wnt signalling pathway in tooth development has attracted scientists’ attention and has led to focus on its function in dentin regeneration. Hunter et al. found that the ideal healing of dental pulp after injury was closely related to the high expression of Wnt signalling molecules.48 Yoshioka et al. observed an accumulation of β-catenin in the pulp beneath the cavity of 9-weeks-old rat molars, suggesting that the preparation of cavity may activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to participate in the dentin regeneration process.49 The Wnt signalling activator LiCl and GSK3β inhibitor Tideglusib promoted the formation of tertiary dentin in vivo.50,51 These natural tooth repairing processes are potential new approaches to clinical tooth restoration. However, the presence of Wnt/β-catenin signalling does not always mean that it promotes odontoblast differentiation and dentin regeneration. For example, the overexpression of Wnt10a significantly increased the proliferation of DPSCs, but decreased the expression of odontoblast differentiation-related genes, such as DSPP, DMP1, ALP, and COL1A1, suggesting that overexpression of Wnt10a negatively regulates the differentiation of DPSCs into odontoblasts.52
Evaluation of dentin permeability of fluorotic permanent teeth
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
K. Görkem Ulu Güzel, Münciye Semra Özay Ertürk, Zuhal Kırzıoğlu, Suat Özkorucuklu
Evaluation of hydraulic conductance can help to elucidate the permeability characteristics of dentin and factors that affect them, making it possible to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for fluorosis-related complications, such as pain, sensitivity, restorative failure, and pulp damage. The permeability of dentin also plays an important role in micro-leakage problems. Changes in the hydraulic conductance of dentin can be used to determine the efficacy of restorative agents, binding agents, base agents, bleaching agents, and agents used to remove the smear layer. The permeability of dentin is influenced by the presence of secondary, sclerotic, and tertiary dentin, as well as by the presence of necrotic tissue or a smear layer. It is related to the numbers and diameters of tubules and inversely proportionally related with distance to the pulp [11]. Thus, age appear as another important factor in these studies and in present study where the pool of teeth were provided from a narrow age range for the measurements of hydraulic conductance.
The Genes Involved in Dentinogenesis
Published in Organogenesis, 2022
Shuang Chen, Han Xie, Shouliang Zhao, Shuai Wang, Xiaoling Wei, Shangfeng Liu
The Wnt signaling pathway could currently be considered the most thoroughly studied pathway and drug research related to dentin regeneration has also achieved significant breakthroughs recently. However, the involvement of the Wnt non-classical signaling pathway in the dentin formation process has not been elucidated. This pathway plays a crucial role in the reactivation of immature pulp cells for tertiary dentinogenesis.47 TIMP1 plays a crucial role in the formation of tertiary dentin.