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Epidemiology: The Methods and their Utilization
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Dennis H. Leverett, Aubrey Sheiham
The prevalence of dental caries on an intra-oral basis, or more correctly, the measurement of the intra-oral extent and severity of dental caries, has been the province of the DMF index since its development.20 Definition of the terms decayed, missing, and filled has been covered extensively and consistently in the literature. Approaches to standardizing the clinical criteria of dental caries have been somewhat more varied. The criteria most often used in North America are those described by Radike and presented at the American Dental Association Conference on Clinical Testing of Cariostatic Agents.38 These criteria rely on a visual-tactile definition of dental caries. These criteria insist on the presence of a frank carious lesion. Explorer catches, without visual evidence of enamel decalcification, are considered as sound. On the other hand, European investigators have relied on the criteria defined by Møller et al.33 and various modifications which identify at least three grades of dental caries. These grades usually range from caries confined to enamel only, to caries penetrating into the dentin, to caries involving the pulp. Other indexes, for instance those recommended by the World Health Organization,50 allow for the possibility of a so-called “white spot lesion” or subsurface demineralization without loss of continuity of the surface enamel.
Concepts of Dental Public Health
Published in Meera Patel, Nakul Patel, Kevin Lewis, Raman Bedi, Gaman Patel, Nakul Patel, Dental Public Health, 2018
Meera Patel, Nakul Patel, Kevin Lewis, Raman Bedi, Gaman Patel, Nakul Patel
Measuring health becomes difficult as ideas vary widely and are subjective. The DMF Index and Periodontal Index are examples of two measures of oral health status. They measure past disease and contribute little to the understanding of the oral cavity or subjective symptoms (refer to Chapter 2).
Do enamel and dentine caries at 5 years of age predict caries development in newly erupted teeth? A prospective longitudinal study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
H. B. Saethre-Sundli, N. J. Wang, T. I. Wigen
At 5 years of age, caries was registered in primary teeth, and at 12 years of age, caries was registered in permanent teeth. Radiographs were taken in accordance with standard routine in dental services (when visual inspection of approximal surfaces was impossible) and used in addition to clinical caries registration in 73% of 5-year-olds and 97% of 12-year-olds. Caries experience was registered with tooth surface as unit of measurement using DMF index and reported at surface and tooth level. Five caries grades (d1–5) were recorded [20]. Grade d1–2 were enamel lesions, and d3–5 were dentine lesions. Caries was categorized as only enamel caries (d1–2), and dentine caries experience with or without enamel caries (d3–5).
Oral health in the indigenous Sámi population in Norway – the dental health in the North study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Magritt Brustad, Ann-Kristine Sara Bongo, Ketil Lenert Hansen, Tordis A. Trovik, Nils Oscarson, Birgitta Jönsson
A five-grade diagnostic scale [29] was used to register caries severity radiographically on proximal tooth and occlusal surfaces not accessible for clinical examination. Caries grades 1–2 were denoted as enamel caries, and grades 3–5 as dentine caries. Caries on root surfaces and secondary caries were included in the registration of caries and all caries were registered at surface level. Missed and filled surfaces were also registered. Dental crowns were registered as filled surfaces. Decayed surface (DS), filled surface (FS), missed surface (MS), decayed and filled surface, decayed-, missed-, filled surface (DMFS), decayed teeth (DT), missed teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), decayed and filled teeth and decayed-, missed- and filled teeth (DMFT) were calculated. Grades 3–5 lesions reaching into dentine were included in the DMF-scores, whereas grades 1 and 2 (enamel lesions) were assigned to initial caries and not included in the DMF-scores. The DMF index values were calculated by adding all ‘decayed’, ‘missing’ and ‘filled’ (due to caries) permanent teeth (DMFT)/surfaces (DMFS).
Dental caries in a Norwegian adult population, the HUNT4 oral health study; prevalence, distribution and 45-year trends
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Siri Christine Rødseth, Hedda Høvik, Annemarie A. Schuller, Espen Bjertness, Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
When interpreting the findings, the methodological limitations of the DMF index and its different components require further discussion. The missing component (M) in the present study included teeth missing due to any reason, while in 1973 only teeth lost to caries were included. In the present study, including all tooth loss may have led to an overestimation of caries experience with regards to the M-component in the DMF index, as teeth lost to, for example orthodontic extractions or periodontal disease were included.