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Conclusion
Published in Marta E. Hanson, Speaking of Epidemics in Chinese Medicine, 2012
The author, Han Li, marshaled the conventional tools of recent clinical studies – a summary of the patient pool, an example of the patient intake form, and tabulations of the percentage distributions of morbidity among patients – but then he tabulated these figures according to the four seasons and the constitutions of classical Chinese medicine, illustrating the persistence of these older taxonomies. Furthermore, he contrasted the constitutional types of Lingnan patients with results from a comparable study of patients in northwest China (Yan'an in Shaanxi province). Whereas Lingnan patients had dominantly phlegmatic and damp-type illnesses, their Yan'an counterparts suffered from yang deficiency disorders. In contrast to yin deficiency, yang deficiency is primarily a class of illness characterized by the lack of heat. Patients feel chilled, have no energy, and are easily fatigued. They experience problems with digestion, often suffering from diarrhea. In contrast to the reddened tongue that indicates a yin deficiency disorder, the patient with yang deficiency has a pale and nearly white tongue. This contrast between the yin deficiency of Lingnan patients and the yang deficiency of Yan'an patients illustrates the persistence of classical concepts of climates and constitutions in the modern world. More importantly, it represents a novel re-imagining of the Cold-Dry Northwest and Hot-Damp Southeast to make Lingnan, finally, part of China proper.
Nephrology in China: A Specialty Preparing for the 21st Century Challenge
Published in Meguid El Nahas, Kidney Diseases in the Developing World and Ethnic Minorities, 2005
Shanyan Lin, Bicheng Liu, Fanfan Hou, Jiaqi Qian
Interestingly, some doctors studied the relationship between the pathological form of IgAN and TCM manifestations (6). They classified the symptom in four TCM types. A multicenter, prospective study proved that the TCM syndrome type of patients with IgAN was significantly correlated with the grade and severity of their renal pathological changes. Patients of Pi–Fei Qi deficiency type (type 1) and both Qi–Yin deficiency type (type 2) showed rather milder pathological changes, by Lee classification, most of them belong to grade I–III (72.3%, 70.2%). Patients of Gan-Shen Yin deficiency type (type 3) had severe pathological change and majority of them belong to grade III–IV (84.6%). And the most severe pathological change was shown in patients of Pi–Shen Yang deficiency type (type 4), and the Lee’s grade IV–V was dominant (88.0%) in these patients. Percentage of glomerular sclerosis in patients of type 4 was higher than that in patients of the other three types. The TCM syndrome type showed definite referential importance to conclude the severity of renal pathological changes in patients with IgAN (6).
Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19: a major mechanism of morbidity and mortality
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Yifan Que, Chao Hu, Kun Wan, Peng Hu, Runsheng Wang, Jiang Luo, Tianzhi Li, Rongyu Ping, Qinyong Hu, Yu Sun, Xudong Wu, Lei Tu, Yingzhen Du, Christopher Chang, Guogang Xu
Different clinical symptoms can be divided into many types, such as deficiency of lung and spleen, or Qi and Yin deficiency syndromes. Research on the mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine suggests that traditional Chinese medicine may have preventive or protective effects on sepsis caused by viruses or bacteria. A study by Chen on Chinese herbal medicine and sepsis revealed that serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) was remarkably reduced in septic mice after being treated with Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a Chinese herbal medicine. XBJ improves survival rate in septic shock models partially by suppressing immune inflammation and regulating the balance of Treg and Th17 cells [96]. A study by Zhu on Qiangzhi Decotion (QZD) indicates that the survival rate of mice with influenza A pneumonia in the QZD groups is significantly higher than that in the virus control group. The production of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 were suppressed (P < 0.05) in the QZD group [97].
Efficacy and Clinical Significance of the Zuogui Pill on Premature Ovarian Failure via the GDF-9/Smad2 Pathway
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Su Cen, Xiaojun Qian, Chunfang Wu, Xinya Xu, Xiaohui Yang
According to the Kupperman scoring criteria in the "Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine" and "Guiding Principles of Clinical Research on New Drugs of Chinese Medicines" combined with the clinical practice of this disease, the kidney yin deficiency symptoms such as menstrual cycle, menstrual volume, color quality, lumbar and knee pain, dizziness and tinnitus, insomnia and dreaminess, hot flushes and night sweats, irritability, palpitations, and fatigue before and after treatment were scored as 0, 2, 4, and six points respectively based on absent, mild, medium, and severe symptoms, and the scores were evaluated according to the symptoms and degrees [22, 23].
Current advances of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides in dermatology: a literature review
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Linghong Guo, Jinxin Qi, Dan Du, Yin Liu, Xian Jiang
A distinctive feature of TCM is the individualized treatment based on identifying the ‘syndrome’. In the methodology that can be used to identify different ‘syndrome’, the Eight Guiding Principles (EGP) divide the disease or syndrome into eight sub-patterns, and group them into opposite pairs: Yin-Yang; Exterior-Interior; Cold-Heat; and Deficiency-Excess (Lee et al. 2007). Health is believed to be a balanced state of Yin and Yang and disease is the consequence of imbalance of these two forces. In TCM, Yin refers to general body fluids including blood, bodily fluids ans Jing (essence). ‘Yin Deficiency’ is defined as a pathological state associated with Yin-related dysfunction, the syndrome of which is usually manifested by the diminishment in calming, moistening and Yang heat regulation. Consequently, the weakening of Yin’s control over Yang leads to hyperactivity of Yang (Yang flourishing) (Hu et al. 2019). According to the theory of the traditional Chinese medicine, D. officinale is the best product for nourishing Yin, which means it is able to treat Yin Deficiency related syndromes (Teixeira da Silva and Ng 2017). Acne, pustule and some other dermatologic disorders were considered to be caused by Yin deficiency and Yang flourishing in TCM (Li et al. 2015). Chinese people have believed the application of D. officinale can effectively solve the above problems. D. officinale is rich in polysaccharides, which can be absorbed not only by oral administration, but also by skin (Pan et al. 2014). Therefore, the active substance and functional component DOP in D. officinale can be extracted and possessed into cosmetic products, which might play a good moisturizing, antiaging, nurturing, and inflammation inhibiting effect.