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Additional Remarks, Perspectives, and Conclusions
Published in Franklyn De Silva, Jane Alcorn, The Elusive Road Towards Effective Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 2023
Franklyn De Silva, Jane Alcorn
Our understanding of the dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways and cellular processors (e.g., cell cycle, migratory machinery) of cancer will continue to grow as biochemical and genetic analyses, advanced imaging, and computational modeling further elucidate the spatial organization of these signaling networks and identify their coordination through crosstalk and feedback loops [282]. The ability to prospectively identify diverse tumorigenic cells will also further our understanding of the pathways that oversee cancer cell growth and survival [1445]. Such information offers new opportunities to identify compounds with targets within these core pathways that create an unfavorable and unsustainable cancer microenvironment [282]. As much as such advancements in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying oncogenesis have paved the way for the development of rational approaches to overcome cancer, drug resistance, however, remains a significant hurdle [1439]. In some instances, a drug rechallenge after a ‘drug holiday' may see some success in treating disease relapse and progression [1446]. However, solutions to drug resistance and improved treatment outcomes will likely benefit from systems biology and systems medicine, interdisciplinary approaches that deviate from a reductionist representation of the disease to one that models the cooperation of the complex, and intricate adaptive processes and pathways of cancer at a systems level [1428, 1447].
Definition, risk factors, and epidemiology of osteoporosis
Published in Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn, Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
The development of “-omics” technologies, enabling the large-scale, rapid study of genomes, exomes, proteomes, and differential gene expression, has expanded our understanding of the molecular processes involved in multifactorial diseases. New areas of research such as the genome, transcriptome, metabolome, and interactome constitute a challenge for translational research and an area of immense promise for the development of systems medicine. In this respect, studies have obtained encouraging results, improving our understanding of the osteoporotic process. Thus, a major comparative gene expression study of 13,463 genes in patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis revealed significant differences in gene expression profiles in 241 CpG methylation regions of DNA from bone (60). The affected 228 genes were associated with cell differentiation factors and bone transcription embryogenesis. Moreover, the lower DNA methylation detected in 217 of these genes was associated with osteoporosis rather than osteoarthritis.
Metabolic Approaches to the Treatment of Back Pain
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Carrie Diulus, Patrick Hanaway
The Functional Medicine Matrix provides an operating system to evaluate imbalance and disease from a systems medicine perspective. Rather than focusing on symptoms, consideration of functional imbalances can be used to determine optimal leverage points for treatment. Symptoms and diseases express themselves through the following cl inical imbalances:
Pharmacological strategies for sexual recovery in men undergoing antipsychotic treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Tommaso B. Jannini, Andrea Sansone, Rodolfo Rossi, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Massimiliano Toscano, Alberto Siracusano, Emmanuele A. Jannini
People with psychiatric disorders, other than having dysfunctional lifestyles per se, are also prescribed psychopharmacotherapies, whose administration significantly weighs on general health. It is textbook knowledge that antipsychotics cause internal medical conditions, ranging from dyslipidemia to insulin resistance, from obesity to hypertension [120]. These illnesses, besides being single risk factors for SD, also concur to generate NCDs, which, in turn, are sexually detrimental themselves [21]. Hence, since mental disorders, NCDs and SD are mutually connected with one another, there is an urgent need to change health care providers’ attitudes when treating these patients. To that end, taking charge must not prescind from a multilevel approach and a shared framework, that may be crystallized into the words systems medicine. From this point of view, indeed, systems medicine assumes how diseases must be treated in an integrated manner, incorporating both biological and behavioral/sociocultural factors [21].
Improving prediction of disease outcome for inflammatory bowel disease: progress through systems medicine
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2021
Federica Giachero, Andreas Jenke, Matthias Zilbauer
Systems medicine is a fast-evolving interdisciplinary field aiming to implement systems biology approaches in medical concepts, research and practice. Its principle is to analyze diseases in a holistic manner, by integrating systems biology platforms along with clinical parameters, for the purpose of understanding disease origin, progression, exacerbation, and remission. This involves iterative and reciprocal feedback between clinical practice and assessment with computational, statistical, and mathematical multi-scale analyses and modeling of pathogenetic mechanisms, disease progression and remission, disease spread and cure, treatment responses, and adverse events (Figure 2) [81]. One of the first example how a systems medicine approach can successfully influence disease treatment and even cause a paradigm shift is the discovery of viral dynamics in HIV-1 pathogenesis leading to modern combinatorial treatments [82].
Integrative omics - from data to biology
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Hassan Dihazi, Abdul R. Asif, Tim Beißbarth, Rainer Bohrer, Kirstin Feussner, Ivo Feussner, Olaf Jahn, Christof Lenz, Andrzej Majcherczyk, Bernhard Schmidt, Kerstin Schmitt, Henning Urlaub, Oliver Valerius
The comprehension of systems biology and systems medicine will significantly profit from the increasing number of omics projects in biological and medical research, the increasing power and capacities of omics-data acquisition, and the ongoing boost in computational power. The development of software solutions for data handling and integration of various types of omics-experiments, for format conversions, and the expansion of public repositories are in continuous progress so that obstacles in data accessibility and adaptability will diminish. The channeling of different types of technologies into common analysis pipelines also requires that individual centers of different omics expertises, nowadays often core facilities, form new networks for collaborations to perform multiomics projects. Especially efforts in expanding existing bioinformatics and biostatistics platforms are required to ensure state-of-the-art analysis tools, modern data-processing infrastructure, and the capability to develop individual project-adapted analysis strategies. The existing conventions and guidelines for the quality management of individual omics data should be adapted for multiomics data analyses. The documentation of data analysis should be accompanied by detailed comprehensible descriptions of the data cross-correlation. Pilot studies and directions in software development and network initiatives were, therefore, discussed at the GPF symposium by leading scientists in the field.