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History of disease
Published in Vivienne Lo, Michael Stanley-Baker, Dolly Yang, Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine, 2022
In recent decades, the relative definitions of disease and illness have attracted much academic attention (Kleinman 1988: 187–93; Cassell 1991: 81–93). Establishing a lexicon of disease types requires the classification of distinct sets of symptoms linked to the articulation of causes and discrete aetiologies, without particular reference to the individual sufferer. Illness, in contrast, refers to the unique experience of sub-optimal health and bodily disorder. Thus conceived, it is possible to identify coeval, yet polarising tendencies in the history of treatments for both diseases and illnesses in China, in an analysis that emphasises the plural medical environment that has existed from pre-imperial times to the beginnings of the twentieth century in China and beyond. The main thrust of this chapter is, however, concerned with the nature of disease in the history of Chinese medicine, since the background to classical Chinese medicine and its application to individual suffering is provided by Chen Yunju in this volume. There are very many other topics related to this history that are not approached or elaborated in this chapter, some of which, like the history of anatomy and surgery and diseases specific to women, are also dealt with elsewhere in this handbook (Chapters 13 and 23 in this volume).
Principles and theories
Published in Emily Ying Yang Chan, Disaster Public Health and Older People, 2019
Physiologically, health generally deteriorates with age. A 70-year-old may enjoy extremely good health and functioning while other 70-year-olds can be frail and require significant help from others. In general, better food and nutrition, improved public health and access to healthcare have increased longevity and delayed decline in older age. If aged individuals manage to maintain health, a longer life span means older people can pursue new interests and activities, enjoy time with their families, build new relationships and maintain the old ones, as well as contribute to society through prolonged working life or philanthropy engagements. Nevertheless, with the increase in life expectancy, managing and supporting older people with suboptimal health may become a public challenge for an ageing population.
The Community as a Catalyst for Healthier Behaviors
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
While individuals may have access to the resources available within a specific context and the ability to use those resources, they also need to be able to draw on GRRs that help them navigate the decision-making processes they encounter each day. This suggests that the availability of adequate resources is essential to moderating the stresses and strains of daily life. Unfortunately, a substantial portion of our society lives in areas that have limited access to the resources they need and few opportunities to develop personal resources of their own. This makes achieving a strong SOC difficult and may lead to the adoption of sub-optimal health behaviors. This conceptualization supports the data analytics that identif y zip codes as useful predictors of health and longevity34 and highlights the need for developing both personal and community resources.
Treatment persistence of interleukin-17 inhibitor class drugs among patients with psoriasis in Japan: a retrospective database study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Chaochen Wang, Hitoe Torisu-Itakura, Takao Hanada, Takashi Matsuo, Zhihong Cai, Satoshi Osaga, Toshihiko Aranishi
Biologics greatly improve the quality of life of patients with psoriasis (22,23). However, poor persistence to chronic biologic therapy may lead to suboptimal health outcomes (11). Therefore, improving persistence on biologics is essential to ensure patients obtain optimum benefits as well as to reduce healthcare costs. This study describes the real-world treatment persistence rates of IL-17i class drugs among Japanese patients with psoriasis and its subtypes (PsO, PsA, and GPP or EP). As a drug class, patients on IL-17is had >50% persistence rate for up to 36 months after treatment initiation, irrespective of psoriasis subtype. The IL-17i drug class persistence rate was similar across psoriasis subtypes at every timepoint, with the highest persistence rate observed in patients with PsO (74% to 59%) and the lowest persistence rate in patients with PsA (69% to 54%). Individual drug persistence rates for ixekizumab, secukinumab, and brodalumab 36 months after treatment initiation ranged from 46% to 58% in patients with PsO and from 43% to 48% in patients with PsA. Across analyses, bio-naïve patients demonstrated similar or greater persistence rates than bio-experienced patients.
The impact of a health education intervention on health behaviors and mental health among Chinese college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Xu-Hao Yang, Hong-Jie Yu, Ming-Wei Liu, Jie Zhang, Bo-Wen Tang, Shuai Yuan, Danijela Gasevic, Kelly Paul, Pei-Gang Wang, Qi-Qiang He
As modifiable unhealthy lifestyles, skipping breakfast, and excessive sugar beverages intake were risk factors for obesity,25 suboptimal health status,26 coronary heart disease,27 and depression tendency.3 However, high consumption of sugar beverages and skipping breakfast is prevailing among college students because those harmful effects on health were rather insidious, and peer influence as well as school unhealthy diet patterns also deteriorate this situation.25,28,29 As a result, healthy diet promotion requires widely healthy diet dissemination and more practical chances to translate reinforced awareness into sustained behaviors reflected in the food choice, beverages consumption and diet patterns.28 Therefore, our study may suggest a promising intervention effort with improving healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors among college students.
Hierarchical and Mediation Analysis of Disparities in Very Short Sleep among Sexual Minority Youth in the U.S., 2015
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2020
Hongying Dai, David G. Ingram, Jane B. Taylor
Although the causes and underlying mechanisms for very short sleep duration among LGB adolescents are unknown, results from nested hierarchical models show that sleep disparities between sexual minorities and their straight peers could be largely explained by substance use, excessive use of electronic media, and experiences of victimization/mental health problems. For instance, bisexual female adolescents had higher odds of reporting a very short sleep duration than did straight girls in the base model. The association became attenuated after additional covariates were adjusted for in the subsequent models and it became insignificant in the full model. Our results are consistent with findings from a previous study on sleep disparities among sexual minority adults (Chen & Shiu, 2017), suggesting that the sleep disparities along with influencing risk factors begin in the early stage of life and continue into adulthood. These results support the overarching theory of minority stress contributing to suboptimal health outcomes (Meyer, 1995).