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Plant-based Nanomaterials and their Antimicrobial Activity
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Mayuri Napagoda, Priyalatha Madhushanthi, Dharani Wanigasekara, Sanjeeva Witharana
In an ethnobotanical study carried out in the Bunda District, Mara Region of Tanzania, 52 plants belonging to 29 Families were reportedly used for various infectious diseases. Out of these families, Papilionaceae was the most frequent, followed by Compositae, Anacardiaceae, Labiatae and Mimosaceae. Chenopodium ambrosioides, Hoslundia opposita, Euphorbia tirucalli, Combretum adenogonium, Dichrostachys cinerea, Cardiospermum halicacabum were some of the commonly used plant species among the communities in this region. A large number of plant species were used in the treatment of venereal diseases, particularly syphilis and gonorrhea (Maregesi et al. 2007). Moreover, 52 plant species in 25 families were identified in a more recent study conducted for the documentation of traditional knowledge on medicinal plants in the management of sexually transmitted infections in Sesheke District of the Western Province, Zambia. Diseases like gonorrhea, syphilis and genital herpes were frequently controlled with the use of plants such as Terminalia sericea, Strychnos cocculoides, Cassia occidentalis, Momordica balsamina and Peltophorum africanum (Chinsembu 2016).
Phytosomes as Novel Carriers of Herbal Extracts
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Sevgi Güngör, Özlem Akbal-Dağıstan, Evren Algın Yapar, Murat Kartal, Yıldız Özsoy
Due to the increasing number of patients with diabetes mellitus, researchers are on a quest for new drug alternatives; the bioactive plant extracts and related formulation options are also gaining interest. Berberine, which belongs to the isoquinoline alkaloids and can be found on natural medicinal plans from Ranunculaceae and Berberidaceae families, were loaded into the phytosomes to increase their oral bioavailability. The results revealed that phytosomal formulation of berberine could also be used to repress the fasted state glucose levels of diabetic mice (Yu et al., 2016). Telange and his colleagues, developed the phytosome loaded apigenine, which is classified as a Class II drug in based on “Biopharmaceutics Classification System” and possess comprehensive medical activities including antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. The optimized phytosome formulation showed an improved solubility and drug release pattern. The pharmacokinetic study demonstrated significant increase in its oral bioavailability, and liver function tests indicated improved enzymatic results. Therefore, the study claimed that phytosome formulation of apigenine could be a promising delivery strategy (Telange et al., 2017). One of the latest studies on antidiabetic phytosomes claimed that various polyherbal extract phospholipid complexes from Momordica dioica Wall., Momordica balsamina L., and Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schradin phytosome formulations have antidiabetic activity comparable to metformin in lowered dose levels (Rathee and Kamboj, 2018).
Optimization and development of antidiabetic phytosomes by the Box–Behnken design
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2018
Momordica balsamina L. (Cucurbitaceae), a vegetable used as food has also been widely used in traditional medicine, particularly for the treatment of fever and malaria in Mozambique and South Africa (Clarkson et al., 2004). Hutchings et al. (1996) reported that the Zulu use infusions of this plant for stomach, intestinal complaints and diabetes. The plant contains resins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, cardiac glycoside, saponins having various medicinal importance viz. anti-HIV, anti-plasmodial, shigellocidal, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, analgesic and hepato-protective properties.