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Ethno-Bioprospection in Northeast India
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Amritesh C. Shukla, Nurpen M. Thangjam, Laldingngheti Bawitlung, Debashis Mandal, Bernadette Montanari
Baruah et al., (2013); Benniamin, (2011), Khongsai et al., (2011); Shankar et al., (2012) have reported Adiantum lunulatum Burm, Aesculus assamica Griffith, Calicarpa arborea Roxb., Centilla asiatica L., Clerodendron colebrookianum walp, Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Drynaria quercifolia L., Musa paradisiacal L., Nephrolepis auriculata L., Ocimum sanctum L., Piper mullesua Ham. Ex D.Don, Piper nigrum L. Piper peepuloides Roxb., Psidium guajava L., Rauvolfia densiflora Benth, Spilanthus acmella L., Zanthoxylum armatum Skeels DC Roxb, are the plants traditionally using among tribal in Arunachal Pradesh, India.
THE PROGRESS OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN MAINLAND CHINA
Published in Kevin Chan, Henry Lee, The Way Forward for Chinese Medicine, 2001
Kelvin Chan, Xin-Min Liu, Yong Peng, Pei-Gen Xiao, Wei-Yi Yang
Acacia catechu (st), Achyranthes bidentata (rt), Act^nitum carmtchaelt (rhz), Alpinia oxyphylla (fr), Alisma orientale (rhz), Allium tuberosum (sd), Amomum villosum (fr), Angelica dahurica (rt), A. sinensis (rt). Andrographis paniculata (pl), Areca catechu (sd), Artabotrys hexapelatus (fl), Artemisia argyi (l), Asparagus cochinchinensis (rt), Aster tataricus (rt), Astragalus mongholicus (rt). Atractylodes macrocephala (rhz), Atropa belladonna (l), Aucklandia lappa (rt), Biota orientale (sd), Brassica juncea (sd), Carthamus tinctorius (fl), Cassia acutifolia (l), C. obtusifolia (sd), Celosia cristat (fl), Chaenomeles speciosa (fr). Cinchona ledgeriana (l), C. grandis (exocarp), Citrus aurantium (fr), C. Medica var. sarcodactylis (fr), C. reticulata (exocarp), Codonopsis pilosula (rt), Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuan (sd), Coptis chinensis (rhz), Cornus officinalis (fr), Corydalis yanhuosu (rhz), Crataegus pinnatifida (fr), Crocus sativus (stigma), Curcuma aromatica (rhz). C. domestica (rhz), C. zedoaria (rhz), Cymbopogon citratus (l), Datura metel (fl), D. innoxia (fl), Dendranthema morifolium (fl), Dendrobium morifolium (fl), Dendrobium nobile (pl), Digitalis lanata (l), Dioscorea opposita (rhz), Dolichos lablab (sd), Eriobotrya japonica (l), Eucalyptus globulus (l), Eucommia ulmoides (bk), Euphorbia longan (aril), Eupatorium fortunei (l), Eurya leferox (sd), Evodia rutaecarpa (fr), Foeniculum vulgare (fr).
The inhibitory effects of five alkaloids on the substrate transport mediated through human organic anion and cation transporters
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Tahiatul Shams, Xiaoxi Lu, Ling Zhu, Fanfan Zhou
In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of five clinically relevant alkaloids on the substrate transport mediated through the essential OATs/OCTs and OATPs, including dendrobine, matrine, oxymatrine, tryptanthrin and chelerythrine (Figure 1). Dendrobine is the most abundant alkaloid isolated from Chinese ornamental orchid Dendrobium nobile, which exhibits analgesic, anti-pyretic, hypotensive and convulsant activities (Kreis & Carreira, 2012; Padwa et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2016). Matrine and oxymatrine are quinolizidine alkaloids obtained from Sophora flavescens, which have anti-arrhythmic, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects (Sun et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2009). Tryptanthrin, an alkaloid isolated form the medicinal indigo plant Strobilanthes cusia, has many pharmacological and biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties (Jahng, 2013; Moon et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2014). Chelerythrine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid present in Chelidonium majus, is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has a wide range of biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities (Chmura et al., 2000; Herbert et al., 1990; Kemeny-Beke et al., 2006; Malikova et al., 2006). More importantly, the herbal products containing these alkaloids are popularly used in Asian countries.
Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Yung-Chih Kuo, Rajendiran Rajesh
Metabolic disturbance has the ability to initiate neurodegenerative tauopathies. Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and eIF2α were also known as branches of unfolded protein response (UPR), and were found mainly in postmortem analysis of AD patients with debilitating neurodegeneration. In UPR-mediated metabolic stress inhibited by tauroursodeoxycholic acid and PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414 led to prolonged UPR inhibition, downregulated tau phosphorylation, reduced neuronal loss, and prevented brain atrophy [210,211]. The functions of miRNAs are also responsible for neurodegenerative symptoms of AD. For instance, miRNA-26b overexpression in rat primary post-mitotic neurons yielded DNA replication and aberrant cell-cycle entry, along with increased tau phosphorylation. Sequence-specific inhibition of miRNA-26b could be a barrier to tau phosphorylation [212]. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is another therapeutic goal to inhibit tau phosphorylation. Caccamo et al. showed a reduction in mTOR activity using rapamycin, which decreased tau phosphorylation [213]. Kandimalla et al. found that a partial reduction in AD protective dynamin-related protein 1 decreased p-tau production and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction [214]. Natural products also play a pivotal role in inhibiting tau phosphorylation. Cornel iridoid glycoside, an ingredient extracted from Cornus officinalis, could downregulate tau phosphorylation via enhancement in PP2A activity. This occurred through a decrease in protein phosphatase methylesterase-1/leucine carboxyl methyltransferase involved in a reduction in demethylation of PP2Ac at Leu309 [215]. Intake of caffeine in early-stage THY-tau22 transgenic mice progressively reduced tau phosphorylation and proteolytic fragments in the hippocampus [216]. Alkaloids-enriched extract from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. abated tau phosphorylation at Ser396, Ser199−202, Ser404, Thr231 and Thr205 sites in lipopolysaccharide-subjected rats [217]. Quercetin enhanced AMPK activity and inhibited ER stress through which inositol-requiring enzyme 1α phosphorylation, PERK phosphorylation, NLRP3 (gene that encodes the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) expression and tau phosphorylation were attenuated [218].