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Africa
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Ancient Egypt
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
The Ebers Papyrus contains 811 prescriptions for a number of ailments, in addition to sections on diagnosis and symptoms, the physiology of the heart and its vessels, and the surgical management of wounds and sores. Treatments described include salves, plasters, poultices, snuffs, inhalations, gargles, draughts, confections, pills, fumigations, suppositories, and enemata.21 Many of the remedies have been shown to have therapeutic value. An entire chapter is dedicated to a discussion of castor oil, a laxative found in over 100 of the prescriptions. Natron, a salt found in Lower Egypt, was used for its dehydrating and astringent benefits. Moldy bread or fresh onions were placed on infected wounds; antibiotic substances in these materials may have provided an anti-infective effect.22 Human excrement as a treatment for disease—termed drekapotheke—sounds downright bizarre to the modern student of ancient medicine, but it was a commonplace practice in the ancient world. Plant, mineral, and organic ingredients, including human and animal bodily fluids and excrements in various combinations, make up the concoctions. In addition to medical therapies, spells and incantations are interspersed throughout the work.
Negligence and professional responsibilities
Published in Michael Weir, Law and Ethics in Complementary Medicine, 2023
It was also argued from the orthodox medicine perspective that, as this concoction would have no prospect of curing or ameliorating the client's ailment on a cost/benefit analysis, it should never have been used. The plaintiff suggested that if a practitioner decided to use the concoction then it should have been preceded by a suitable warning, which the plaintiff maintained the client would have heeded—therefore refusing treatment.
Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Berberis aristata (Indian Barberry)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Swati T. Gurme, Devashree N. Patil, Suchita V. Jadhav, Mahendra L. Ahire, Pankaj S. Mundada
Many plant remedies are known in traditional medicine and used for treatment and management of many diseases or illnesses (Aktar and Ali, 1984), and some of them have been authorized by scientific studies to apply for biological action against diseases or their complications. Traditionally, neem is used as a household remedy from ancient times. The concoction is normally consumed in the early morning on an empty stomach for a minimum of 15 days, and it will probably protect the human body from most infections throughout the year. Hair loss can be controlled by washing hair regularly with neem decoction. It also promotes hair growth. The application of neem oil can stop the growth of hair bugs (Tembe-Fokunang et al., 2019). The leaves of A. indica are traditionally and commonly used as an antidiabetic. High amount of protein and fiber and comparatively low-fat content has positively been concerned in the management of diabetes and post-prandial hyperglycemia. Traditional blood purification mixture also contains mainly neem in it and is used for detoxification purposes as well (Aktar and Ali, 1984). Oil extract from neem seed is used for the preparation of soaps and cosmetics, while the twigs of the plant are used for toothbrushing (Brahmachari, 2004), and flowers are used for tonic and stomachic purposes.
Behavior Contracts and Lessons from Parenting “Rotten” Kids
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Jolion McGreevy, Rosamond Rhodes
Nevertheless, we have witnessed medical professionals employ contracts and create standards as if their concocting restrictions legitimizes the refusal of professionally required patient care. And, for the past seventy-odd years, the American Medical Association has hidden behind their Principle #6, “A physician shall, in the provision of appropriate patient care, except in emergencies, be free to choose whom to serve, with whom to associate, and the environment in which to provide medical care,” to assert a right to abrogate their moral responsibility (American Medical Association 2001). Recently we have seen such tactics employed in behavior contracts, in refusals of care for unvaccinated patients, and in responses to racist or violent behavior (Block 2015; Rimmer 2020). As much as we sympathize with the burdens and risks imposed on medical professionals by such behavior, and as much as we may support the goals of such policies, denying care to patients with medical needs is unacceptable.
Retail Availability and Characteristics of Addictive Areca Nut Products in a US Metropolis
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Preparations for consumption come under a variety of forms and names. For example, betel quid (or paan) generally consists of a mixture of sliced AN covered in slaked lime wrapped in a leaf from the betel piper vine. According to local customs and practices, various spices (e.g., cardamom, cloves) and sweeteners are added to the concoction. Gutkha is essentially betel quid with shredded tobacco, spices, and flavoring agents, while Paan masala is a powdery mixture of AN, lime and spices and flavoring agents (Auluck et al. 2009), without tobacco. Many of these ingredients have been combined into commercial (branded) products that are presumably sold worldwide. Studies suggest that consumption can begin in childhood and extend into adulthood that persists after immigration (Chandra and Mulla 2007).
An overview of drug discovery efforts for eczema: why is this itch so difficult to scratch?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Kam Lun Hon, Steven Loo, Alexander K. C. Leung, Joyce T. S. Li, Vivian W. Y. Lee
In Hong Kong, Hon et al. performed a series of trials on a concoction of 5 herbs for children and young persons with AD [111–113]. Among other outcome measures, improvement of quality of life was also used [114–116]. Adverse drug reactions were generally mild, and the concoction was palatable by the children. The authors conclude that there was generally significant improvement of quality of life in these patients [111,117]. The concoction had been tested for residual pesticides, microbial products, heavy metals and considered safe [118]. The concoction underwent a double-blinded RCT in the pediatric population [119]. The investigators reported that the herbal concoction improved quality of life and spared topical steroid use in children with AD. However, antipruritic effects were not demonstrated.