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Excipients and Their Attributes in Granulation
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol that is also widely used as a sweetener in confections and foods, and in pharma, is also popular in direct compression applications. It is most comparable to sucrose in sweetness and taste and free from the aftertaste, with the usual cooling mouthfeel as is common with the sugar alcohols due to the negative heat of solution. It is also non-cariogenic and actually promotes dental health and so is used in many kinds of toothpaste and dental products where a sweetener is needed. It has a low glycemic index, which makes it a popular sugar substitute for diabetic patients. As xylitol performs well in wet granulation, it is available in the granulated form in different particle size distributions for use in direct compression. This is common with the sugar alcohols since their compaction performance is improved by wet granulating.
Carbohydrates
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Detailed reports about the safety of each of them have been published by the EFSA and there seem to be no substantial unresolved issues relating to their safety. The pieces about xylitol and sorbitol also contain links to generally positive EFSA assessments about claims that chewing gum containing these compounds may have some beneficial effects upon dental health.
Community-Based Methods for Preventing Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Current evidence suggests that the use of nonsugar sweeteners on a small scale in certain medicines, lozenges, chewing gum, and soft drinks is likely to receive a measure of public support. The proportion of sugar-free soft drinks in the enormous soft drink market is increasing; the U.S. National Soft Drink Association reported that 17.7% of all soft drink sales in the U.S. were diet drinks in 1982. Given the current preoccupations with weight and body shapes, this proportion is likely to continue increasing. Though promising results were obtained in the studies in Turku, Finland, when sucrose was replaced by fructose or xylitol in most foodstuffs for 2 years,87,88 it is difficult to estimate the community benefits of substituting artificial sweeteners for sucrose in only a limited range of products. Xylitol remains the most promising sugar substitute in food processing at present, though others are being tested.107 Xylitol has probably received more testing in human experiments than other sugar substitutes.
Effect of experimental toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and propolis, with and without fluoride, on the microcosm biofilm and enamel demineralization
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Caroline Fernanda da Silva Ribeiro, Aline Dionizio, Tamara Teodoro Araújo, Chelsea Maria Vilas Boas Feitosa Rodrigues, Amanda Costa Mattos, Letícia Galli Otaviano, Larissa Tercília Grizzo, Ana Carolina Magalhães, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
Therefore, one of the main preventive strategies for reducing the development and progression of caries lesions is toothbrushing, which acts in the mechanical disorganization of biofilm as well as delivering active compounds to the oral environment (Walsh et al. 2019). The use of toothpaste with active compounds, such as nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP), fluoride (F) and propolis can improve the effectiveness of brushing. Toothpaste containing nanoHAP act on dental hard tissues, reducing demineralization and promoting remineralization through the supply of calcium and phosphate ions, besides being able to exert an influence on early microbial colonization and biofilm formation (Ionescu et al. 2020). Fluoride is recognized worldwide as the main factor responsible for the reduction of dental caries (Buzalaf et al. 2011), increasing remineralization and reducing demineralization in slightly acidic environments (Buzalaf et al. 2012). Regarding xylitol, a meta-analysis showed that xylitol-containing products significantly prevented caries compared to products without this polyol. The effect was dependent on the dose and frequency of use of xylitol-containing products (Vogel 2011).
Evaluation of the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of xylan using different model approaches
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Guangqiu Qin, Yuqiu Gao, Pingjing Wen, Guiqiang Liang, Peng Zhao, Baiqing Dong, Song Tang, Kamran Shekh
Xylans are the part of the hemicellulose fraction in many plants and are natural components of the human diets. As dietary fibers, xylans have many properties that affect our well-being. For example, xylans affect the quality of cereal flours and the mechanical properties of dough in baked products (Wang et al.2015). They may influence brewing properties of grains (Vinkx and Delcour 1996). Animal studies also indicated that xylans had hypocholesterolemic effects (Hashi and Takeshita 1975, Jonnalagadda et al.1993). The structural diversity of xylans and the presence of various constituents offer a number of possibilities for its application in multiple areas including nutrition, food technology, new materials, and biotechnology. For example, Xyl, which is one of the main constituents of xylans, can be converted into xylitol and used as a natural food sweetener, a chewing gum to reduce dental cavities, or a sugar substitute for diabetics (Ur-Rehman et al.2015). Potential applications of xylans and their biological, biomedical, and industrial importance have been summarized in several reviews (Ebringerová and Hromádková 1999, Ebringerová and Heinze 2000, Sedlmeyer 2011, Deutschmann and Dekker 2012).
Effect of xylitol tablets with and without red propolis on salivary parameters, dental biofilm and sensory acceptability of adolescents: a randomized crossover clinical trial
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Mariana Leonel Martins, Amanda Souza Nunes Monteiro, Thiago Isidro Vieira, Maria Bárbara de Carvalho Torres Guimarães, Letícia Coli Louvisse de Abreu, Lucio Mendes Cabral, Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti, Lucianne Cople Maia, Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves
The production of the tablets was carried out with all the solvents of chromatography grade and the reagents of analytical grade. The solutions were prepared with MilliQ™ water (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The pharmaceutical excipients were obtained in pharmaceutical grade and the red propolis extract (RPE), from Magé marsh vegetation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (latitude 22° 39′ 10″ S, longitude 43° 02′ 26″ W and 5 m altitude), was used at a final concentration of 8 mg/mL, according to previous results on the in vitro antibacterial activity of this product (Martins et al. 2019). The final concentration of xylitol in both tablets was 84% (300 mg per tablet). In addition, HPMC (hidroxipropilmetilcelulose) 3.0 cps, powdered menthol, aspartame, and magnesium stearate were added to the tablets, which were prepared by wet granulation.