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Packaging and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Shoots
Published in Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht, Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht
Vacuum packaging is a mode of packaging achieved by packing the product in a low oxygen permeable film with a secured sealing while excluding air from it. The initial environment of the package which might have slight aeration, experience change through preservation and storage due to active microbial and metabolic processes within the foodstuff.
Lifestyle factors
Published in Jane Hanley, Mark Williams, Fathers and Perinatal Mental Health, 2019
The current trend in obesity has been blamed on a stressed lifestyle where time is of the essence and prepackaged convenience foods provide an alternative to the home-cooked meal. Technical innovations in vacuum packaging and improved preservatives have enabled manufacturers to mass prepare food cheaply and centrally for immediate consumption (Hanley 2017). This is compounded by the accessibility of fast food restaurants which, even in rural areas, are no further than a twenty-minute drive away and usually placed close to a motorway or road near the drive home. These outlets offer processed foods and meats which if taken in excess quantities have been associated with an increased risk of depression up to six years later (Sanchez-Villegas et al. 2012).
Solanine (Nightshade Glycoalkaloids)
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Filomena Lelario, Laura Scrano, Sabino Aurelio Bufo, Maryam Bader, Donia Karaman, Ameen Thawabteh, Rafik Karaman
Vacuum packaging has shown to be a good means of controlling GA levels through controlling tuber respiration. However, due to the anaerobic conditions, there was a risk of growth of Clostridium botulinum [80].
Evaluations on the stability and bio-compatibility of a new piezoelectric microphone for the implantable middle ear microphone
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Yu Zheng, Xian-hao Jia, Na Gao, Xin-Da Xu, Ning Cong, Fang-lu Chi
Since 2001, our team has been focusing on the development of a miniature piezoelectric microphone which might be used in future totally implantable middle ear systems [11]. We have developed a floating piezoelectric microphone (FPM) made of high-performance piezoelectric ceramics that could be glued to the intact ossicular chain of fresh cadaveric heads and pick up the vibration of the ossicular chain to effectively convert it into electrical signals [12,13]. However, the FPM had poor sealing properties and was easily damaged and cannot be implanted for a long period of time. Hence, we used laser welding and vacuum packaging technology and cooperated with a cochlear implant company from Austria to circumvent these disadvantages. Thus, a new floating piezoelectric microphone (NFPM) has been developed. Our previous study using human cadavers showed that this NFPM was able to pick up the vibration of the long process of the incus and convert it into electrical signals sensitively and flatly [14]. However, the bio-compatibility of this NFPM in vivo and whether it could be implanted into the middle ear for a long amount of time remain to be tested. Thus, in this study, we conducted in vivo experiments to evaluate the stability and bio-compatibility of this NFPM in cats’ middle ears.
96-well plate-based aggregometry
Published in Platelets, 2018
Melissa V. Chan, Paul C. Armstrong, Timothy D. Warner
Since 96-well plate aggregometry was first described, there have been few advances in the standardization of the method. To address this issue, we have developed a method to standardize the agonists and concentrations tested by producing standard plates at a centralized facility through the freeze-drying of agonists onto the plates. The lyophilization of the plates and subsequent vacuum packing produces plates that may be stored at room temperature for up to 12 weeks before use. We have also removed the variation in shaking type, speed and time by recommending a standard plate shaker as well as reducing the volume of PRP needed for each test to 40 μl (18,31).
Factors determining phage stability/activity: challenges in practical phage application
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak, Norbert Łodej, Dominika Kula, Barbara Owczarek, Filip Orwat, Ryszard Międzybrodzki, Joanna Neuberg, Natalia Bagińska, Beata Weber-Dąbrowska, Andrzej Górski
The effects of storage conditions on the stability of a spray-dried Pseudomonas PEV2 phage (Podovirus) were evaluated [112]. A content of >40% trehalose under 0 and 22% humidity, at 4°C, guaranteed phage stability during 1 year of storage. Two Pseudomonas phages, PEV2 and PEV40 (Myovirus), in formulations containing trehalose (70% and 60%) and leucine (30% and 40%) stored at 4°C and 20°C under vacuum were evaluated. The storage stability of the produced phage powders was found to be phage and formulation dependent. The formulation containing 30% leucine maintained the viability of PEV2 at 20°C, while the formulation containing 40% leucine gradually lost titer over time with a storage reduction of ∼0.9 log10 pfu/ml measured after 12 months. When aerosolized, the total in vitro lung doses of PEV2 were of the order of 107 pfu. In comparison, the PEV40 phage powders generally had an approximately 0.5 log10 pfu/ml loss upon storage regardless of temperature. The PEV40 powders in the lung achieved a titer of 106–107 pfu. The results demonstrate that the addition of trehalose and leucine as a stabilizing agent to spray-dried Myoviridae and Podoviridae phage successfully protects phages against inactivation during storage for one year at 4°C and 20°C with vacuum packaging. Malik et al. (2017) stated that the great advantage of spray-drying is to provide very small particles that can be delivered to the lungs without additional milling [116]. Inhalable spray-dried PEV20 and PEV60 lytic phage powders containing lactose and leucine were stored at room temperature [132]. The addition of lactose stabilized phage titer during 12 months of the experiment. Leucine may form a protective shell on the surface of spray-dried phage powder, and makes it more resilient against powder degradation induced by moisture. Therefore, the authors indicated how important maintenance of low relative humidity is for maintaining spray-dried phage stability during storage. Branston et al. (2013) observed that the M13 phage was resistant to desiccation [86]. Spray-dried phage (Myoviridae and Podoviridae) powder containing lactose, trehalose or leucine intended for inhalation also retained stability without significant losses of titer [133]. Lactose protected phage activity better than trehalose. These sugars ensure phage protection against temperature and dehydration as well as stabilization and shear stress, because their role is protein stabilization and aerosol performance. The addition of excipient in the case of spray-dried phages may be used successfully when phages are applied to treat pulmonary infections. It is possible to produce phage spray-dried powders without a significant decrease in phage titer. Phage stability after spray drying depends on the type of phage and chosen stabilizer.