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Exogenous Surfactant in the Management of Hyaline Membrane Disease
Published in Jacques R. Bourbon, Pulmonary Surfactant: Biochemical, Functional, Regulatory, and Clinical Concepts, 2019
Hervé Walti, Michèle Couchard, Jean-Pierre Relier
The strategies for obtaining these ES are very similar. The material is harvested either by bronchoalveolar lavage of the animal lung (freshly slaughtered calf lung, as with Infasurf® and CLSE®) or by lavage of minced whole lung (S-TA®, Survanta®, Curosurf®). Different levels of centrifugation enable cellular debris to be extracted and the lipid fraction to be obtained. The surfactant complex is then extracted with an organic solvent, chloroformmethanol, or sometimes with acetone (CLSE®) or ethylacetate (S-TA®), in order to reduce cholesterol levels. The extraction phase can also be followed by gas liquid chromatography (Curosurf®), which permits extraction of neutral lipids. In addition, S-TA® and Survanta® are supplemented with DPPC, palmitic acid, and tripalmitin, The following stages enable the finished product to be obtained. Resuspension in saline, with or without CaCl2, after evaporation of the solvent under nitrogen, is achieved by vortexing (Infasurf®, CLSE®) or sonication (S-TA®, Survanta®, Curosurf®). Finally, the sterilization of the surfactant with fully retained biological activity is obtained either by flash autoclaving (CLSE®/Infasurf®, S-TA®, Survanta®) or by a high-filtration procedure (Curosurf®).
Nanocarrier Technologies for Enhancing the Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Api
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Sanjay Kumar Bharti, Medicinal Chemistry with Pharmaceutical Product Development, 2019
Ashwini Deshpande, Tulshidas S. Patil
These are biocompatible, biodegradable lipids which are solid at room and body temperature. The lipids can be used within the range of 5–40%. Examples include: Triglycerides (trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin).Polymers like soya phosphatidyl choline, PLGA, sodium alginate, chitosan, etc.Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) (Imwitor® 900).Glyceryl behenate (Compritol® 888 ATO, GeleolTM).Glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5).Wax (cetyl palmitate).
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Palmitic Acid Most fats and oils contain it and it was found in margarine by Heintz in 1852 and in olive oil by Collett in 1854. Tripalmitin was discovered to be the chief constituent of olive oil, by Heintz and Krug in 1857.
Filgrastim loading in PLGA and SLN nanoparticulate system: a bioinformatics approach
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Ritu Karwasra, Saman Fatihi, Khalid Raza, Surender Singh, Kushagra Khanna, Shivkant Sharma, Nitin Sharma, Saurabh Varma
Atomistic MD simulation run was performed to gain insights on the self-assembled process of tripalmitin and PLGA. Nanoparticle consists of PLGA and tripalmitin separately together with the proposed drug filgrastim. The tripalmitin system is composed of 64 molecules of tripalmitin associated with one molecule of the drug filgrastim. The second system is the PLGA system which contains 64 molecules of PLGA units [12]. The parameters of tripalmitin and PLGA systems were obtained using SwissParam available online (http://www.swissparam.ch/) [13]. MD simulation run was performed using GROMACS v5.1 software package [14]. The systems were parameterized with the all-atom Charmm36 force field [15]. Energy minimization of all the systems was carried out using the steepest descent method. Both the tripalmitin and PLGA systems were subjected to MD simulation run involving time step of 2 fs. Interactions such as electrostatic interactions and van der Waals interactions were calculated using PME method (cutoff radius of 1 nm for short range) and LINCS algorithm (cutoff distance of 1 nm), respectively [16,17]. Both nanoparticulate systems, tripalmitin based and PLGA based were equilibrated at 310 °C for 100 ps using v-scale thermostat [18,19] at 1 bar pressure for 200 ps (via berendsen barostat)
Oral delivery of solid lipid nanoparticles: underlining the physicochemical characteristics and physiological condition affecting the lipolysis rate
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Mohammad Mahmoudian, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Sara Salatin, Raimar Löbenberg, Maryam Saadat, Ziba Islambulchilar, Hadi Valizadeh, Parvin Zakeri-Milani
By considering the impact of the lipid matrix entity on the enzymatic digestion of SLNs, it was reported that the degradation level of wax-based SLNs is slower than glyceride-based SLNs. On the other hand, glyceride-based SLNs show an increased degradation velocity after shortening the length of the FAs chain. It seems that the short-chain FAs provide easy access of the lipases to the ester bondages in the lipids. Olbrich et.al reported that the degradation velocity of the Tripalmitin-based SLNs is faster than the tristearin-based one. Tripalmitin and tristearin are two types of triglycerides, which are composed of FAs with a chain length of C16 and C18, respectively [89]. In order to compare the degradation level of wax-based SLNs vs triglyceride-based ones, the data of Olbrich and colleague’s research revealed that the degradation velocity of cetyl palmitate-based SLNs was slower than tripalmitin/tristearin-based SLNs [90]. The results of Müller and coworkers’ study indicated that the length of FAs units of triglycerides can be considered as a determinant factor in the degradation rate of triglycerides-based NPs. The data showed that the digestion of SLNs was highest for trimyristin (FA chain length = C14), medium for cetyl palmitate (wax), and relatively slow for glyceryl behenate (FA chain length = C 22) [7]. In another study, Jannin et al. reported that SLNs composed of glyceryl behenate (FA chain length = C 22) were less digested than glyceryl palmitostearate (FA chain length = C18) in the lipolysis media [77]. Overall, the context of the lipid matrix of SLNs and the chain length of FAs in triglyceride-based matrixes may dramatically influence the lipolysis rate of the lipid NPs.
Formulation and optimization of intranasal nanolipid carriers of pioglitazone for the repurposing in Alzheimer’s disease using Box-Behnken design
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Gifty M. Jojo, Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy, Anindita De, V. V. S. Narayan Reddy Karri
The DSC study using DSC Q200 (TA instrument, USA) was performed to investigate the interaction between the selected components at a heating rate of 10 °C in the range 20–200 °C under the nitrogen purge of 50 mL/min. Samples of 2–8 mg of the pure drug, pure lipid, the physical mixture of drug and tripalmitin and final formulation were taken separately in standard aluminum pans for performing the investigation. An empty pan was used as the reference [40].