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Africa
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The Role and Value of Geospatial Information and Technology in a Pandemic
Published in Abbas Rajabifard, Greg Foliente, Daniel Paez, COVID-19 Pandemic, Geospatial Information, and Community Resilience, 2021
Abbas Rajabifard, Daniel Paez, Greg Foliente
In Chapter 43, Hassan M. Khormi explores spatial modelling concepts in Saudi Arabia as an observation. The study reports on how the Saudi authorities implement GIS concepts in controlling the spatial risks of the pandemic. Carmen Femenia-Ribera and Gaspar Mora-Navarro examine COVID-19 in Spain with a focus on the use of geospatial information in Chapter 44. Nathaniel Carpenter and Anna Dabrowski discuss the lessons learned from the COVIDSafe app in Chapter 45, a track and trace technology designed for the Australian context. The chapter focuses on understanding conditions for successful implementation of track and trace technologies. Arturo Ardila-Gomez explores sustainable transport as a key pillar to community resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chapter 46.
A systematic review of digital technology and innovation and its potential to address anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in the pharmaceutical supply chain
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Gul Saeed, Jillian C. Kohler, Raphael E. Cuomo, Tim K Mackey
To advance ACTA and further facilitate anti-corruption initiatives and partnerships, there has been increasing attention by governments, international organizations, and procurement agencies on the evaluation and adoption of different forms of technology to identify corruption risks and promote ACTA in the health sector, with a specific focus on the pharmaceutical sub-sector [27,28]. Notably, COVID-19 has compelled various industries to invest in “digital transformation” initiatives, including the pharmaceutical sector, that now uses a multitude of digital solutions to address challenges related to supply chain disruptions, increase the speed and scalability of drug discovery, optimize operation of biomedical and clinical research, and implement systems to ensure the integrity of medicine supply and distribution [29]. Specific to ACTA areas, advancements in information and communication technologies (ICT), web and cloud-based platforms, and big data and artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning, have led to the development and implementation of digital solutions that have improved transparency in the management of public sector health funds (e.g. e-government initiatives), enhanced oversight and reporting mechanisms (e.g. websites for whistleblowing), and increased adoption of supply chain technologies (e.g. digital track-and-trace systems); and ultimately, have a strong potential to reduce corruption in the pharmaceutical sector [27,30–32].
Ten Years of the Tobacco Control Act in New York City
Published in Journal of Legal Medicine, 2021
From the perspective of NYC and other localities with high tobacco taxes, a track and trace system would likely be most valuable as a weapon in the fight against tax evasion. Since 2002, NYC has prioritized increasing tobacco prices as a key element of its five-point plan to decrease tobacco use.74 Indeed, increasing tobacco taxes is widely recognized as one of the most effective methods for reducing cigarette consumption.75 By 2013, NYC had the highest per pack cigarette taxes in the United States due to the combined city ($1.50) and state ($4.35) taxes.76 Driven by the difference in price between cigarettes in NYC and low-tax states like Virginia, an illicit market expanded, and some studies estimated that between 2011 and 2015 roughly half of NYC’s packs of cigarettes were not taxed properly.77 When the illicit trade of tobacco products decreases prices, it undermines the public health benefit of taxes and deprives the government of tax revenue.
A design thinking framework and design patterns for hospital pharmacy management
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020
Wirachchaya Chanpuypetch, Duangpun Kritchanchai
Second, most hospitals cannot exactly determine both past and present locations of pharmaceutical products movement despite a computerized IS has been implemented in the hospital warehouse and hospital pharmacy. Due to the master data structure provided in the IS does not support an entering of crucial drug information such as a batch or lot number as well as the related standard drug information. Therefore, traceability architecture should be proposed for tracking and tracing drug items throughout the entire supply chain. In this regard, the suitable master data structure must be defined for entering all crucial drug information into the IS of hospital. Likewise, an electronic form of drug pedigree that contains drug information about each distribution may be provided to use by pharmaceutical supply chain participants, this is called e-Pedigree. Standard information should be included into these structures of IS such as NDC and EPC. In case of drug codes are internally determined, the practice of code mapping must also be performed. Furthermore, rule-based integration technology for traceability using technologies such as 2D barcode and RFID are frequently suggested for automatically identifying and information interchanging in the supply chain [8,14]. Through this approach, each movement of the drug is able to track and trace. Correctness and timeliness can also be increased significantly [33].