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Application of Synchrotron Radiation Technology in Marine Biochemistry and Food Science Studies
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Toshiki Nakano, Masafumi Hidaka
Fish are usually distributed under refrigerated or frozen conditions after harvesting, with some being processed for the production of a variety of seafood products, including surimi (fish paste), kamaboko (salt-ground and steamed fish-paste products), and dried and salted fish. Therefore, the study of the biochemical and food-chemical properties of fish and seafood is important. In particular, the relationship between the quality of food and its microstructure has recently been reported to play an important role in understanding the properties of food products (Schoeman et al. 2016; Nakano 2019). As a result, nondestructive, noninvasive, and rapid observation techniques for fish and seafood products have been researched and developed.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Consumption of salted fish and eating preserved foods, especially at a young age, are aetiological factors. Smokers have a moderate increase in risk. The aetiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the result of a complex interplay of genetic factors, early latent infection by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) as well as subsequent EBV reactivation, and exposure to environmental carcinogens.
Grains
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
For example, slaves ate corn throughout the Caribbean. Planting okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)—whose origins are disputed—on the islands, slaves combined it with corn to make coo-coo. Others added the grass to stews, making fungee. On Barbados, slaves ate corn, sorghum, vegetables, and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) juice, the last examined in Chapter 11. When food was scarce, slaves relied on cane juice for short durations. Besides these items, American anthropologists Jerome S. Handler and Robert Spencer Corruccini (b. 1949) mentioned “root crops.”165 Literally understood, this language should eliminate yams and potatoes, which Chapter 13 classifies as tubers. In contrast, sweet potatoes and cassava, being enlarged roots, satisfy Handler and Corruccini’s terminology. Columbus mentioned them in the Caribbean in 1492, unsurprising evidence for their presence on the islands because both originated in tropical America.166 Everyday use of the expression “root crop” includes tubers, of which yam species D. trifida fed Caribbean indigenes. Chapter 13 indicates, however, that potatoes need coolness and so cannot have thrived in tropical lowlands. Beyond these foods, slaves sometimes had rum and molasses, though meat, eggs, and dairy were uncommon. Infrequent salted fish supplied complete protein. Wild plants supplemented this fare.
Incidence of head and neck cancer among first-generation immigrants and their children in Finland
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2023
Rayan Mroueh, Elli Hirvonen, Janne Pitkäniemi, Nea Malila, Jaana Hagström, Antti Mäkitie, Anni Virtanen
Still, the most well-established risk factors for pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers remain tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, which are the main etiological culprits of HNC in Europe. Likewise, within the Middle East, rates of smoking are high, with around 48% of men reporting current or past smoking of cigarettes or waterpipes [22]. In Algeria, a study conducted by Kariche et al. [23] described a low rate of HPV among laryngeal cancer patients, whereas tobacco and alcohol were reported for around 40% of cases. In Europe, smoking prevalence ranges from 20% to 42% in men and 15% to 34% in women [24]. In Finland, smoking prevalence among men declined from 51% to 23% between 1972 and 2017. Correspondingly, in women, it increased from 11% to 23% between 1972 and 2002, continuing with a decrease to 16% in 2017 [25]. Other environmental factors related to pharyngeal cancer to account for include betel-quid and areca-nut chewing, which are widespread in the Asia-Pacific region with prevalence rates in men up to 83% (Salomon Islands) [26]. Convincing evidence exists linking betel-quid and areca nuts chewing to oral and oropharyngeal cancer [27,28]. Additionally, diets high in nitrosamine-rich salted fish and meats, which are common in Southeast Asia, have been associated with NPC [29,30]. All in all, these lifestyle habits may contribute to the excess risk of pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers observed among immigrants from the Asia Pacific and the Middle East and North Africa regions, respectively.
Canned Fish Consumption and Upper Digestive Tract Cancers
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Barbara D’Avanzo, Ilaria Ardoino, Eva Negri, Diego Serraino, Anna Crispo, Attilio Giacosa, Werner Garavello, Francesca Bravi, Federica Turati, Cristina Bosetti, Elena Fattore, Carlo La Vecchia, Carlotta Franchi
Besides tobacco and alcohol, diet plays a role in the risk of upper digestive cancers (1–5). Low consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated to increased risk of oral, esophageal, and stomach cancers (6–8), together with high consumption of smoked and fermented fish and starchy foods (8). On the contrary, fish appears to exert a favorable effect on these cancers (2, 9), but the evidence is controversial. Fish and seafood consumption were associated to decreased risk of oral cancer in China (7), and high consumption of fish was associated to decreased risk of oral cancer in case-control studies, with more marked effects in European than Asian or South American populations (10). Cancer of the esophagus was also inversely associated with high intake of fish in two meta-analyses (11, 12), whereas fish consumption was not appreciably related to risk of esophageal cancer in another review (13) and in the NIH-AARS Diet and Health Study (14). There was no association between consumption of fish and risk of gastric cancer in several meta-analyses (15, 16) and in the NIH-AARS Diet and Health Study (14), but a direct association with salted fish was found in a meta-analysis of cohort studies (16).
Fish consumption and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Published in Hematology, 2020
Li Yang, Wen-yu Shi, Xiao-hong Xu, Xin-feng Wang, Lu Zhou, De-pei Wu
Second, severe heterogeneity is found across the included studies (Q = 26.72, Pheterogeneity = 0.002, I2 = 66.3%), which may be partially explained by varying definitions of fish in different studies. Three of the nine studies provided data on consumption of fresh fish and other types of processed fish, but we selected only data on fresh fish consumption.14,16,20 Although the association between processed fish intake and risk of NHL remains in conclusive, an enhanced risk of cancer associated with consumption of salted fish has been suggested in several studies.37,38 Compared with fresh-water fish, marine fish contain higher levels of n-3 and lower levels of n-6 fatty acids. It is reported that although n-3 fatty acids may protect against cancer development, n-6 fatty acids may not be the case.33,39 Smoked fish or processed foods are found to generate chemical carcinogens such as nitrites and their related compounds, or food mutagens such as heterocyclic amines, which may induce immunotoxicity,40 and be associated with an increased risk of lymphoma in rodents.41 However, we assessed only total fish consumption because most of these studies were not primarily designed to investigate the effect of fish consumption on NHL risk, and did not specify what type of fish was consumed.