China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Miscellaneous Drugs
Published in Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis, Primary FRCA in a Box, 2019
Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis
Antacids (e.g. aluminium, magnesium and sodium citrate) bases that react with gastric acid to form salt and waterused in treatment of dyspepsia and reflux and preoperatively to reduce risk of acid aspirationside effects may include salt and water retention, alkalosis, belching, constipation or diarrhoea and lung damage if aspirated (associated with particulate magnesium trisilicate)
General anaesthesia and acid aspiration
Published in Daryl Dob, Griselda Cooper, Anita Holdcroft, Philip Steer, Gwyneth Lewis, Crises in Childbirth Why Mothers Survive, 2018
Antacids such as magnesium trisilicate were traditionally used in obstetrics. However, between 1994 and 2005 the use of magnesium trisilicate has declined because it produces particulate matter that may worsen the pulmonary ‘burn’ (chemical pneumonitis) if aspirated.
Proguanil and Chlorproguanil
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Magnesium trisilicate reduces proguanil bioavailability by > 50% (Onyeji and Babalola, 1993). Co-administration of proguanil slows and reduces the bioavailability of cloxacillin (Babalola et al., 2002). In one case report (Armstrong et al., 1991), the effect of warfarin was potentiated by proguanil, suggesting that caution should be exercised when these drugs are taken together. There are no similar reported drug interactions with chlorproguanil.
Oral formulation of Prussian blue with improved efficacy for prophylactic use against thallium
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Nidhi Sandal, Vivek Kumar, Pooja Sharma, Mahendra Yadav
It was previously reported that the adsorption capacity of PB increases at higher pH [1,18]. Therefore pH modifying agents such as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate have been taken for preliminary screening in the present study. PB (10 mg) was placed in a 15 ml test tube containing 10 ml of simulated gastric fluid and the pH modifier was added starting with the lowest concentration and increasing gradually to obtain a pH of 4–6. The concentration that helped to achieve this pH was chosen for the final formulation. The four pH-modifying agents sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and magnesium hydroxide showed the desired pH at 50, 35, 40, and 10 mg, respectively (Table 1). Other agents i.e. aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium trisilicate were not included in further studies as these agents are required in higher amounts to achieve the desired pH range.
Evidence for the efficacy of the emetic PP796 in paraquat SL20 formulations – a narrative review of published and unpublished evidence
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
At the end of 1980s, ICI started carrying out extensive testing of novel emulsion liquid formulations that contained 100 g/L paraquat ion and 3 times the level of PP796 [46,47]. A new paraquat SL20 formulation known as Magnoxone was developed and patented [40,47,49]. It was stated to reduce the oral toxicity of Gramoxone® 15-fold in dogs [48] (although primary data are unavailable). Magnoxone contained the pharmaceutical antacid gelling agent, magnesium trisilicate (100 g/L), to reduce paraquat-induced gastric mucosal injury and increase viscosity of gastric contents, slowing gastric emptying. It also had a three-fold increase in PP796 concentration, magnesium sulphate (100 mg/L) as an osmotic purgative, and xanthan gum (3 g/L) to suspend the insoluble magnesium trisilicate.
Toxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine following therapeutic use or overdose
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Cassandra Doyno, Diana M. Sobieraj, William L. Baker
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are weak bases that accumulate in acidic environments, leading to effectiveness against some pathogens such as Plasmodium falciparum [136]. Drugs that affect pH may, therefore, affect chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in various ways. Antacids (e.g., magnesium trisilicate, aluminum hydroxide) [81,82,132,133], proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) [136], and histamine H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine) [134] may reduce chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine absorption. Cimetidine may also impair chloroquine elimination [134].