China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Animal Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Fresh plants that are grown in pasture land or meadow and are consumed by various farmed animals (livestock) are known as forage (41). Pasture can be composed of herbaceous legumes (alfalfa), native and improved grasses, crop residues, agro-industrial byproducts, non-conventional feed resources such as cereals, and other edible plants (41–42). During winter, dried gras (hay) is given to animals raised by forage. Animals raised by forage give superior food to consumers because they eat fresh plants in nature and they have space to move. Forage-raised animals have better meat than fodder-raised animals, because grass-fed beef contains less saturated fat and cholesterol than grain-fed beef. In addition, it is richer in vitamins A and E and antioxidants than grain-fed beef (43). Other studies have found that compared to eggs of the caged hens, pastured hens’ eggs had twice as much vitamin E and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and less than half the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids (44). Moreover, forage-raised animals are exempt of artificial chemicals like hormones and antibiotics. However, the production of animal food obtained from forage-raised animals diminishes today, mostly in industrialized countries, and is replaced by animals grown with grains in feedlots, due to the low cost of farming by grains.
Resources along the Silk Road in Central Asia: Lagochilus inebrians Bunge (Turkestan Mint) and Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa)
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Oimahmad Rahmonov, David E. Zaurov, Buston S. Islamov, Sasha W. Eisenman
Alfalfa (M. sativa L.) is likely to have been the first plant species grown exclusively for forage. It has become one of the most important forage crops for animals and is now cultivated worldwide. Having high nutritional value, alfalfa served as the perfect fodder for the beasts of burden transporting goods along the silk route.
Emesis
Published in Michael JG Farthing, Anne B Ballinger, Drug Therapy for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2019
Gareth J Sanger, Paul LR Andrews
The gastrointestinal tract, in common with other epithelialized organs (e.g. skin, respiratory airways), is exposed to the external environment in an interactive and defensive manner. Important protective mechanisms include the mucosal barrier and immune systems. In addition, complex defensive systems operate via the intrinsic and extrinsic nervous systems to provoke behaviours such as intestinal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea and gastric stasis. These have clear evolutionary advantages for animals that forage for food but they can assume the status of a clinical problem when triggered inappropriately by pathology or drug treatments.1 Further, severe nausea and vomiting may lead to additional symptoms. For example, negative taste/food aversions are created more readily when a particular food or taste is associated with nausea, than with pain or other sensations.2 Nausea and vomiting can also be linked to the mechanisms of some forms of anorexia, cachexia3 and motivational fatigue. In seriously ill patients, the treatment of nausea and dyspnoea has itself been reported to relieve symptoms of pain.4 It is important, therefore, to realize that the processes of emesis, and its treatment, can have more profound implications than simply the forcible expulsion of gastrointestinal contents.
Plant identification applications do not reliably identify toxic and edible plants in the American Midwest
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Kevan Long, Andrew Townesmith, Alex Overmiller, Wendy Applequist, Anthony Scalzo, Paula Buchanan, Cindy C. Bitter
Plants were correctly identified to the genus level in 76% of trials, and only 58% of plants were correctly identified to the species level. Identification of the genus level may be sufficient to prevent inadvertent toxicity from foraged foods. PictureThis outperformed the other apps but did misidentify two of the toxic species, Nothoscordum and Orinthogolum. This study included several edible plants with potentially toxic look-alikes. Nothoscordum bivalve (false garlic, crow poison) may be mistaken for Allium spp. (wild onion), and Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) is similar to Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s lace). Foraging misadventures appear to be particularly common when foraging for Allium spp. [4,5,14,16,18,20,26,30] and wild asparagus [4,5,28]. Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) may be mistaken for Allium spp. but contains colchicine which causes profuse vomiting and diarrhea, culminating in hypovolemic shock and multisystem organ failure. Veratrum spp. causes a digitalis-like syndrome with bradycardia, hypotension, and gastrointestinal distress, it may also be mistaken for Allium spp. Fortunately, plants of the Allium family have a characteristic onion-like odor, which may aid in identification.
Evaluating the role of gamma irradiation to ameliorate salt stress in corn
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Alireza Shaebani Monazam, Mohammad Ali Norouzian, Mehdi Behgar, Azam Borzouei, Hedayat Karimzadeh
Corn is one of the oldest and most important crops and the largest used source in the industry worldwide (Parihar et al. 2016). Silage corn is one of the most necessary fodder materials for livestock consumption (Dalley et al. 2020). Corn has the second-largest area under cultivation (42 billion hectares) in the world after rice (Oryza sativa L.) (FAOSTAT 2021). In parallel with the development of dense modern animal husbandry systems, especially in dairy farms, silage forage has become widespread worldwide (Li et al. 2016). However, corn has faced various biotic and abiotic stresses during the growing season, which reduce its economic yield, and salt stress is one of those most critical factors. Corn is relatively sensitive to salt stress; therefore, salinity is a severe problem for corn production worldwide (Farooq et al. 2015).
Isotopic and chemical facies for assessing the shallow water table aquifer quality in Goly Region, White Nile State, Sudan: focusing on nitrate source apportionment and human health risk
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Ibrahim E. A. Idriss, Mussa Abdel-Azim, Kamal I. Karar, Saida Osman, Abubakr M. Idris
Despite the abundancy of freshwater of the White Nile River, Sudan, the shallow water table aquifer in Goly Region, White Nile State, Sudan, is the only accessible and reliable source of potable water across Goly Region, White Nile State, Sudan. This is because the freshwater of the White Nile River requires treatment processes of removing alluvium and silt as well as sterilization. These processes are not available in that region for economic reasons. Therefore, residents use groundwater for domestic, agricultural, and grazing activities, which cover about 1500 km2. Farmers in that area use semi-mechanized system for the production of, mainly, sorghum, millet, groundnuts, pigeon peas, and sunflowers. In addition, residents experience an open pastoralism system for livestock including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. The area also includes light industries such as food, detergents, forage, and fertilizers. Groundwater in Goly Region is extracted by hand-dug well and well pumps operated by diesel. Unfortunately, there is neither public system nor private system for treatment of wastewater from these activities. Residents in that area have recently complained about the quality of groundwater. In addition, individual investigations, based on personal communications, in that area reported high levels of nitrates. The impact of the extensive use of groundwater has also raised attention toward quality deterioration.