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Weaning a Baby onto a Vegan Diet
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
The diets of infants weaned onto a vegan diet need to be appropriately planned to ensure requirements are met for key nutrients. Vitamins B12 and D should be supplemented, and care taken to ensure an adequate intake of iron, zinc, protein, energy, vitamin A and omega-3 fatty acids. Calcium-fortified soy milk can be given as a drink and iodised salt used from 12 months of age. In some countries, iodine supplements may be required to meet recommended intakes. While flaxseed oil can provide adequate amounts of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), supplementation with docosa-hexanoic acid (DHA) is required to meet WHO recommended intakes. Care should be taken to avoid excessive fibre intake and to provide adequate high fat foods to enhance calorie intake.
Postmenopause
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Minerals: Many minerals are vital for maintaining healthy aging and metabolic functioning. Zinc, for example, assists in many hormone activities and is critical to immune function. Supplementation at 15 mg a day is advised for postmenopausal women. Likewise, manganese helps with carbohydrate metabolism and bone development and is important in a wide range of metabolic functions, including its role as a cofactor for a number of enzymes important in energy production and antioxidant defense. The many food sources for manganese include mussels, wheat germ, tofu, sweet potatoes, nuts, brown rice, lima beans, chickpeas, spinach, and pineapples. Supplements typically provide 1 to 4.5 mg of manganese. Taking a complete mineral supplement daily is an easy way to ensure adequate intake.
The dietary requirements of infants
Published in Claire Tuck, Complementary Feeding, 2022
These recommendations from different countries and organisations for fat intake for infants and children can be confusing, since some are ‘average daily intake’ or ‘adequate intake’ population recommendations while others are recommendations for individuals. The EURRECA (EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned) network has been working toward alignment of reference values for fat intake among infants (and also for other reference values) in European Union countries, and has found that clear evidence for differing recommendations between countries is often lacking.29
A nonlinear measurement error model and its application to describing the dependency of health outcomes on dietary intake
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2022
Currently there is not enough research to establish an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), or Upper limit (UL) for potassium. Recommendations are given in terms of the Adequate Intake (AI) which is the average daily intake to ensure nutrient adequacy [23]. According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [23], the potassium AIs for individuals ages 51–70 years old are 3400 mg for males and 2600 mg for females. Although results are not conclusive, increased levels of potassium may help reduce risks associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, kidney stones, and age-related bone loss [19,24,39]. Hypertension, however, is known to be related to coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney function, and is one of the leading causes of death [39]. One of the primary health outcomes used to assess optimal potassium intake is blood pressure. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [7], normal blood pressure levels are below 120/80 mmHg, at risk individuals (pre-hypertensive) are between 120/80 mmHg to 139/89 mmHg, and high blood pressure individuals (hypertensive) have levels above 140/90 mmHg; the two values represent the systolic blood pressure (pressure in your blood vessels when your heart beats) and the diastolic blood pressure (the pressure in the blood vessels between heart beats), respectively.
Older Adult Cancer Patients Under Palliative Care With a Prognosis of 30 Days or More: Clinical and Nutritional Changes
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Josiane C. Vettori, Luanda G. da Silva, Karina Pfrimer, Alceu A. Jordão Junior, Júlio C. Moriguti, Eduardo Ferriolli, Nereida K. C. Lima
Food intake was assessed by means of the 24-hour recall, with patients being asked to recall their food intake on the day before the interview. The amounts consumed were estimated by the patient and described in home measurements. A portion size photo book was provided, and food portion size tables were used to convert home measurements into grams. Subsequently, the amounts of food consumed by the patients were converted to grams and calculated using specific software (Virtual Nutri Plus), updated with data from the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (12). The energy and protein intake was compared to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute’s guidelines for cancer patients in palliative care, which recommend the consumption of 25 to 35 kcal/kg current weight/d and 1.0 to 1.5 grams/kg current weight/d (13). Micronutrient consumption was compared to Dietary Reference Intakes recommendations according to reference dietary intake: daily allowance (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) for age and gender (14).
A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Study to Examine the Effects of Maritime Pine Extract on Exercise Performance and Postexercise Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Muscle Soreness, and Damage
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Prolonged physical activity also produces an excess amount of reactive oxidative species (Waring et al. 2003), beyond the ability of the body’s ability to cope under normal physiological circumstances (Mach et al. 2010). Additional oral antioxidant supplementation, especially vitamins C and E, may be a suitable, noninvasive means of reducing oxidative stress, but excess exogenous antioxidants may have detrimental effects on health and performance (Pingitore et al. 2015). The lowering of oxidative stress biomarkers does not demonstrate any detrimental effects to the body, particularly in an exposure this short, as there is limited opportunity for adaptations to the supplementation that would be detrimental. Alternatives to supplementation include whole foods that contain antioxidants in natural ratios and proportions (Pingitore et al. 2015). An adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through a varied diet remains an optimal approach (Pingitore et al. 2015). However, food availability, intolerance to certain types of foods, and extreme training regimens where athletes are exposed to high oxidative stress make exogenous supplementation with maritime pine extract and other antioxidants necessary.