China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Consumer/Athlete's Source of Nutrition Information
Published in David Lightsey, The Myths about Nutrition Science, 2019
Counterfeit science has become prevalent in all areas of the sciences, and it can be argued that unreliable information plagues the nutritional sciences more than most. Nutrition “science” has become so contradictory that one must learn to take every new “study” which declares to enlighten us about some purported nutritional health threat or benefit with a large grain of salt.
Introduction
Published in Yvette Hunt, The Medicina Plinii, 2019
Toothache can affect travellers everywhere. To maintain dental health they were advised to start the day with putting a grain of salt under the tongue until it dissolved (1.13.20) – the toothbrush had not been invented yet. The work presents detailed advice on what to do in case of dental problems – particularly loose, aching or hollow teeth, but does not even mention the usual radical method applied in antiquity: pulling bad teeth (1.13). A remedy against bad breath was rubbing the teeth with mice ash and honey, possibly with the addition of roots from a tamarisk growing near the sea; also useful was rinsing the mouth with pure wine in the evening or with cold water in the morning (1.12.1).
An analytic review of the literature on female genital circumcision/mutilation/cutting (FGC)
Published in Gabriele Griffin, Malin Jordal, Body, Migration, Re/Constructive Surgeries, 2018
Gillian Einstein, Danielle Jacobson, Ju Eun Justina Lee
One of the problems with understanding intimate relations and sexuality in natal countries is that they have been little studied within the paradigm of what it is to be sexual in those countries. Notably, most of the quantitative instruments used to consider the sexuality of women with FGC, both in natal countries and in the diaspora, stem from western ideas of sexual responses (Catania et al., 2007). Therefore, what is learned from standard instruments needs to be taken with a grain of salt. This suggests that it might be useful to develop culturally specific instruments.
What is “Personal” About Personal Experience? A Call to Reflexivity for All
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Colin Halverson, Meghan Halley
The need, therefore, is not to take certain types of personal experience with a “grain of salt,” as Nelson et al. suggest, but to cultivate an expectation of reflexivity among all bioethicists. Reflexivity—a self-critical examination of one’s own positionality—is necessary to attend both judiciously and compassionately to first-person testimony and its iterative inscriptions in published works. A commitment to reflexivity recognizes that all acts of knowledge production are partial and self-interested—from the intimate, tacit knowledge gained from “being there” as a patient or an anthropologist, to the implicit or explicit advocacy claims of a caring clinician or the expert testimony of a bioethicist. Moreover, reflexivity can allow us to see beyond the potential for individual biases to the biases and limitations imposed by the structural conditions under which such intellectual labor is carried out, those “historical processes that […] position subjects and produce their experiences” as members of a specific class (Scott 1991).
The Association between Dietary Calcium Intake and Breast Cancer Risk among Iranian Women
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, Leila Azadbakht, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Dietary intakes of study participants are presented in Table 2. Compared with controls, patients with breast cancer had higher intakes of energy, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated, mono-unsaturated and trans fats, cholesterol, vitamin E, vitamin C, potassium, zinc, iron as well as fruits, dairy, red and processed meats, egg, salt and sugar sweetened beverages and lower intakes of poly-unsaturated fats, vegetables and legumes. High dietary calcium intake was associated with lower intakes of total energy, carbohydrates, total protein, total fat, saturated and trans fatty acids, whole grain and salt and higher intakes of mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fats, cholesterol, fiber, vitamin A, E, C, B6, folate, B12, potassium, sodium, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, fruit, vegetables, legumes, dairy, refined grain, red and processed meat, white meat and egg.
Bioethics and the Moral Authority of Experience
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Ryan H. Nelson, Bryanna Moore, Holly Fernandez Lynch, Miranda R. Waggoner, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby
It can be uncomfortable to raise this point in cases where we consider the position being argued to be just or the outcome desirable, reasonable, or at least understandable. For example, we may hesitate to describe a parent of a child with a rare disease to have a conflict of interest as a participant in a debate about funding for research regarding that rare disease or approval of a drug that may offer some chance of benefit. Yet, the grain of salt norm seems to apply to any claim made by a stakeholder who stands to benefit by convincing others to believe it. Of course, the claim may be well-supported by the evidence or backed by a sound argument. But whether this is the case must be assessed independently of judgments about the stakeholder’s righteousness.