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Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (Vip): A Putative Neurotransmitter In The Cardiovascular System
Published in Geoffrey Burnstock, Susan G. Griffith, Nonadrenergic Innervation of Blood Vessels, 2019
Järhult and colleagues have reported that electrical field stimulation of the rat portal vein elicits a slight increase in the VIP output, both at 2 and at 8 Hz.25 VIP release also occurs following electrical field stimulation of cerebral and lingual arteries, while there is no significant release of VIP in parallel tests carried out on carotid and radial arteries.26 Attempts to modulate the release of NA by VIP have failed to show a prejunctional effect in cerebral27 and peripheral vessels.28 VIP does not appear to modulate the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the submandibular gland;29 however, it may enhance the release of ACh from intestinal smooth muscle.30 On the other hand, electrical stimulation of the Vidian nerve results in a 100-fold increase of VIP in the venous effluent. This response is enhanced by atropine-pretreatment,31 and was interpreted as an inhibitory role of ACh on VIP release.
Perivascular Innervation In Special Sensory Organs With Particular Reference To The Presence of Neuropeptides
Published in Geoffrey Burnstock, Susan G. Griffith, Nonadrenergic Innervation of Blood Vessels, 2019
Rolf Uddman, Rolf Håkanson, Frank Sundler
A rich supply of VIP/PHI fibers is found around blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, and VIP/PHI-containing nerve cell bodies are abundant in the sphenopalatine ganglion (Figure 4a).29,44-46 Local i.a. infusion of VIP gives rise to an atropine-resistant vasodilatation and stimulation of the Vidian nerve causes release of VIP into the venous effluent concomitantly with the vasodilatation.47 It is not inconceivable, therefore, that VIP plays a role as a mediator of the atropine-resistant vasodilatation in the nasal mucosa.
The Renaissance
Published in Arturo Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2019
guidoguidi (Vidius) (d. 1569) was a Florentine who became the royal physician and professor at the College de France, thus arousing the antagonism of the university faculty, who wanted the position for Dubois. Guidi was recalled to Italy in 1547 by Cosimo I, who made him Professor of Philosophy and Medicine at Pisa. His Chirurgia e Græco in Latinum conversa was printed in 1544 by Pierre Gautier at the home of his friend Cellini. It contains a number of fine illustrations that have an extra interest as they appear to have been done by Primaticcio. Inspired by classical illustrations, they show how the Renaissance imitated the instruments and operations of the ancient Romans. Guidi’s work was translated into French (Lyon, 1565; Paris, 1634). His name is preserved in anatomy by the Vidian nerve and Vidian canal that he first described.
Underwater posterior nasal neurectomy compared to resection of peripheral branches of posterior nerve in severe allergic rhinitis
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Seiichiro Makihara, Mitsuhiro Okano, Syotaro Miyamoto, Kensuke Uraguchi, Munechika Tsumura, Shin Kariya, Mizuo Ando
Posterior nasal nerves arise from the vidian nerve and include parasympathetic nerve fibers and trigeminal nerve fibers [1]. Kikawada found endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy as an alternative to vidian neurectomy, which is occasionally accompanied by irreversible complications such as decreased lacrimation and numbness of the upper lip, in 1998 [2,3]. This surgical treatment is an effective method to transect the neural networks surrounding the inferior turbinate that cause unregulated nasal hypersensitivity with excess secretion and to overcome the complications of vidian neurectomy. Several surgical procedures for endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy have been reported [1,2,4,5]. The original procedure is resection of the posterior nasal nerve trunk at the sphenopalatine foramen via the middle nasal meatus without resecting the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) [2]. With this technique, it is very difficult to keep a clear surgical field, and that is why resection of peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve in the inferior turbinate has become an alternative to the original endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy in Japan [4]. This alternative approach is useful and effective, but we believe that resection of the posterior nasal nerve at a more central portion would be more optimal if the surgeon could safely resect at the sphenopalatine foramen.
Efficacy of posterior nasal neurectomy for allergic rhinitis combined with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Song Li, Jinzhang Cheng, Jingpu Yang, Yin Zhao, Zhiling Zhu, Chang Zhao, Zonggui Wang
The mechanism of this surgery is to destroy the vidian nerve and block most of the parasympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa so that the responses of nasal submucosal vessels and glands to external stimuli are reduced, which results in reduced gland secretions and inhibited submucosal vessels dilation, ultimately leading to relieve the symptoms of AR. The mechanism of nasal polyposis is not fully understood, but is related to long-term inflammation of the nasal cavity, persistent edema of the nasal mucosa and polypoid degeneration. Before the study began, we hypothesized that when most of the parasympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity is lost after the vidian nerve is excised, vasodilation, exudation and gland secretions of the nasal mucosa would be reduced; thus, the mucosa of the nasal cavity would be in a relatively “dry” state, and mucosal edema could be alleviated. Theoretically, we though before this research, it is possible to partially alter the nasal mucosal state and reduce the recurrence rate of nasal polyps. However, the result shows that the recurrence rate of nasal polyps is 29.6% in the experimental group and 44.4% in the control group, indicating no significant difference between the two groups. It maybe possibly due to the dominance of local inflammation, which is not able to be alleviated by PNN, in the recurrence of nasal polyps.
The use of augmented reality in transsphenoidal surgery: A systematic review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Santhosh G. Thavarajasingam, Robert Vardanyan, Arian Arjomandi Rad, Ahkash Thavarajasingam, Artur Khachikyan, Nigel Mendoza, Ramesh Nair, Peter Vajkoczy
With regards to the number and type of structures identified using AR-overlay, ten studies discussed AR-assisted navigation and intraoperative identification of anatomical landmarks,24,28–34,37–39 with the majority of studies reporting visualising the carotid arteries (n = 8),28–30,32,37–39 optic nerves (n = 7),24,28–30,32,37,38 and bony landmarks (n = 7).28,29,32,34,37–39 Only three studies, all using optical tracking and an endoscopic-AR display, were able to detect and report on bony structures posterior to the cranial wall of the sphenoid sinus.34,37,39 Nonetheless, six studies, including three microscopic studies, were able to localise and report on structures anterior to the cranial cavity.28,29,32,34,38,39 Kawamata et al. was the only study to report on localisation of the vidian nerve. Seven studies reported that AR-assisted navigation had positive effects on landmark identification (Figure 3a).27,28,30,32,37–39 Four studies reported significant usefulness in the identification of neurovascular landmarks for increasing surgical safety, as well as detecting skull anatomical variations.27,28,38,39 Although Prisman et al. noted minimal benefit of AR in ventral landmark identification, it reported, alongside Zeiger et al. and Bong et al., an increase in spatial anatomical understanding with the use of AR.