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Biomechanics of the foot and ankle
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Sheraz S Malik, Shahbaz S Malik
The transverse tarsal joint (Chopart's joint) separates hindfoot from midfoot, and consists of two articulations: talonavicular joint, which is a section of talocalcaneonavicular complex, and calcaneocuboid joint. The talonavicular joint is a ball and socket type – acetabulum pedis – and has a much greater range of motion than the saddle shaped calcaneocuboid joint. Both articulations are oriented towards a vertical plane and their motions are highly coupled with the actions of ankle and subtalar joints. However, unlike ankle and subtalar joints, transverse tarsal joint has considerable motion in all three planes and has two axes of motion.13
Balance-confidence is associated with community participation, perceived physical mobility, and performance-based function among individuals with a unilateral amputation
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Jaclyn Megan Sions, Tara Jo Manal, John Robert Horne, Frank Bernard Sarlo, Ryan Todd Pohlig
Of the 101 patients clinically evaluated, 80 consented to research study participation. Eight individuals were excluded from this analysis due to hip disarticulation (n = 3), knee disarticulation (n = 1), and bilateral amputations at the knee or more proximally (n = 4). An additional 10 were excluded due to no prosthetic device at the time of evaluation and 17 due to incomplete data sets, resulting in a sample of 45 participants. Participant demographics are provided in Table 1. The main causes of the transfemoral (n = 20) or transtibial (n = 25) amputation were trauma (n = 14) and peripheral vascular disease (n = 13). Fifteen participants used an assistive device (walker = 5, bilateral crutches = 1, cane = 9). The median time since amputation was 6.0 years and six individuals had amputations of the contralateral limb (n = 1 at transverse tarsal joint, n = 3 at tarsometarsal joint, n = 2 at unspecified joint of foot).
Analysis of foot kinematics during toe walking in able-bodied individuals using the Oxford Foot Model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Wonhee Lee, Beomki Yoo, Dongho Park, Juntaek Hong, Dain Shim, Joongon Choi, Dong-wook Rha
Heel-toe walking (HW) is the standard gait, with the heel-strike as the initial contact in the stance phase. During HW, progression over the supporting limb is assisted by the functional rockers: the heel rocker, the ankle rocker, and the forefoot rocker (Perry et al. 1992). Toe walking, in contrast, is a gait that involves walking on the toes without a heel-strike during the stance phase, which cannot be assisted by functional rockers. The foot kinematics that are changed during toe walking include movements of the subtalar joint, transverse tarsal joint, and metatarsophalangeal joint (Hsu et al. 2008). In addition, there are differences not only in the ankle joint, but also in the hip and knee joints, compared to HW (Hampton et al. 2003; Alvarez et al. 2007; Armand et al. 2007; Romkes and Brunner 2007). The biomechanical difference between toe walking and HW in able-bodied individuals has been previously analyzed to investigate the etiology of toe walking (Kerrigan et al. 2000; Perry et al. 2003; Sasaki et al. 2008). Bovi et al. (2011) analyzed toe walking in able-bodied individuals and obtained kinematic data of the hip, knee, and ankle joints using the Lamb marker set. However, study of toe walking in able-bodied individuals to evaluate foot kinematics has been limited. To analyze foot and ankle kinematics by motion capture during the gait cycle, the Oxford Foot Model (OFM) was used. The OFM is a multi-segmented model that evaluates foot and ankle kinematics by measuring the motion between the forefoot, hindfoot, and toes via an optoelectrical method and motion analysis. The OFM is used to measure foot kinematics during normal walking and pathologic walking conditions resulting from various neurological and musculoskeletal disorders (Deschamps et al. 2010; Balzer et al. 2013; Grin et al. 2018, 2019).