China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
“The sympathetic nerve can also develop a pathologically overactive state … due to irritative lesions, as in partial nerve injury or compression neuropathy.” – Sumio Uematsu MD, 1985
Sensory Examination
Published in J. Terrence Jose Jerome, Clinical Examination of the Hand, 2022
Trophic disorders depend on both sensory and sympathetic fibres. Lesions of the sympathetic nerve fibres have a direct action on sweating and circulation. Thus, we always appreciate dry skin with elasticity loss and thinner epithelium in a peripheral nerve injury. The skin is often stretched and shiny with features of causalgia such as cyanosis because of reduced blood flow. The nails become brittle and striated with retarded growth. Skin temperature is lower in the nerve-injured zone and remains cold-sensitive even after reinnervation. Also, the consistency of the subcutaneous tissue, fat pad and palm pulp get atrophied. In a median nerve injury, the index finger subcutaneous tissue and pulp shows these changes.
Basic medicine: physiology
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
The external parts of the body (skin and muscles) are controlled mostly by the somatic nervous system. Somatic nerves, therefore, control movement of the trunk and limbs, as well as sensations such as touch, pain and temperature. By contrast, the viscera or internal organs of the body (heart, lungs, gut) are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic nerves are either sympathetic or parasympathetic. Sympathetic nerves help the body to respond to sudden danger; they mediate the ‘fright, flight or fight’ response characterized by widening of the pupil, quickening of the heartbeat (tachycardia) and diversion of blood to the muscles. This process is assisted by liberation of the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream. The parasympathetic nervous system is concerned with vegetative processes such as swallowing and intestinal secretion, which are carried on during calmer times. Many viscera have a dual autonomic innervation, each with opposing functions. Thus, adrenaline makes the heart race, while stimulation of the vagus (parasympathetic) nerve causes the pulse to slow.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is more effective than cervical arthroplasty in relieving atypical symptoms in patients with cervical spondylosis
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Giovanni Grasso, Fabio Torregrossa, Brian A. Karamian, Jose A. Canseco, Alexander R. Vaccaro
Successive studies have brought attention to a potential irritative mechanisms affecting sympathetic nerve fibers present in the intervertebral disc,38 PLL39, cervical facet joints40, and dura mater.41 Irritation of these fibers could be a major cause of neck pain and atypical symptoms in patients with cervical spondylosis.40 Previous studies have demonstrated that ACDF resulted in complete resolution of sympathetic symptoms in numerous patients with cervical spondylosis.17,23,25,26,29. A network of sympathetic nerves has been described in the PLL in several cadaveric and animal studies.42–44. Because ACDF is characterized by the removal of the disc and the sectioning of the PLL at the involved segment, it has been hypothesized that sympathetic innervation of cervical disc complex and PLL may play a role in the genesis of sympathetic symptoms.16,45
Physiotherapist management of a patient with spastic perineal syndrome and subsequent constipation: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Shankar Ganesh, Mritunjay Kumar
Spinal mobilizations have the ability to affect reflex neural outputs to both muscles and internal organs. Manual therapy interventions could, therefore, suppress the hypersensitivity of sympathetic nerves, improve intestinal motility, and bowel movements (Koo, Choi, and Kim, 2016). Other manual therapy approaches like abdominal massage are attributed to activate stretch receptors that reinforce gastrocolic (Brookes, Chen, Costa, and Humphreys, 1999) and somato-autonomic reflexes (Liu et al., 2005) and thereby trigger rectal contractions. By stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system, manual therapy approaches can decrease the abdominal muscle tension, improve the motility of digestive tract muscles and digestive secretions, and relax the sphincters in the digestive tract (Sinclair, 2011). Mobilization of the spine from T9 to L2 vertebrae has been found to normalize colon transit time and facilitate intestinal movements (Koo et al., 2010). Thus, it may be hypothesized that manual therapy comprised of mobilizations can keep in balance the contraction of voluntary and involuntary muscles by facilitating the activities of the automatic nervous system (Coulter et al., 2002).
Comparison of ablation characteristics of three different radiofrequency applicators in renal sympathetic denervation
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Yanyan Cheng, Hongxing Liu, Zhen Tian, Meng Zhang, Youjun Liu, Qun Nan
Resistant hypertension (RH) is a chronic disease characterized by uncontrollable levels of 140/90 mmHg with the use of four or more blood pressure (BP)-lowering drugs [1]. This chronic disease can cause a higher risk of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic stroke, as well as chronic kidney disease and death [2]. Therefore, it has received significant attention in the field of global public health. Hypertension can be caused by many factors, including adverse diet and living habits, excessive activation of the renal sympathetic nerve, and hyperactivation of the renin–aldosterone–angiotensin system [3]. Studies have shown that removing sympathetic nerves may reduce BP [4]. However, surgical sympathectomy has been abandoned because of its side effects, trauma, slow recovery, and high morbidity [5].