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Stomach Microcirculation
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
The anterior and posterior walls of the stomach have a similar vascular arrangement.3,4 Branches arise at intervals of about 1 cm from the arterial arcades on the greater and lesser curvature and pass on to the surface of the stomach. The arterial branches pierce the muscle coat, where they send off a branch. After having pierced the muscle coat, the branches subdivide into smaller branches in the outer portion of the submucosa. They, by anastomosing among themselves, form the main arterioarterial anastomotic plexus or primary arcade of arteries of 34 to 58 µ in diameter.3,4 These branches give rise to smaller branches of 21 to 41 µ in diameter, which interconnect with each other and their parent vessels to form a secondary arcade.3,4 The submucous plexus is continuous over the entire anterior and posterior walls and it is much less extensive near the lesser curvature. At this location, the mucosa is supplied by end-arteries that arise directly from the left gastric artery, without communication with the submucous plexus3,5 (Figure 1). This anatomic arrangement may be important in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer.5,6 (See Section II.B. Pathology. Peptic Ulcer in this chapter).
Gastrointestinal Tract Development and Its Importance in Toxicology
Published in Shayne C. Gad, Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2018
Alma M. Feldpausch, Joseph V. Rodricks, Rosalind A. Schoof, Brittany A. Weldon
Neural cells first appear in the stomach and the rectum by week 13, another example of the longitudinal gradient of development from a proximal to a distal direction. By the end of week 13, the submucous plexus is formed between the middle circular muscle layer and the submucosa, and mature ganglion cells are detected in the esophagus.
Anatomy of the Pharynx and Oesophagus
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Intrinsic innervation of the oesophagus is provided by the thin nerve fibres and numerous ganglia of the intramural myenteric and submucosal plexi. Auerbach’s plexus (also known as the myenteric plexus) is formed by the ganglia that lie between the longitudinal and the circular layers of the tunica muscularis. Meissner’s plexus (also known as the submucous plexus) is formed by those ganglia that lie in the submucosa. Despite their different functions—Auerbach’s plexus regulates contraction of the outer muscle layers and Meissner’s plexus regulates secretion and the peristaltic contractions of the muscularis mucosae—they are interconnected by a network of fibres.
Balanced Caloric Restriction Minimizes Changes Caused by Aging on the Colonic Myenteric Plexus
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Renata de Britto Mari, Sandra Regina Stabille, Haroldo Garcia de Faria, Joice Naiara Bertaglia Pereira, Juliana Plácido Guimarães, Gabriela Pustiglione Marinsek, Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
The GIT regulation is mediated by an extensive intrinsic nervous system, the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is not autonomous; it is divided into two plexuses: the myenteric plexus, involved in the control of motility and transport of the contents of the lumen, and the submucous plexus, involved in the control of gland secretion and GIT absorption (Furness, 2012; Phillips & Powley, 2007).