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The nervous system and the eye
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
James A.R. Nicoll, William Stewart, Fiona Roberts
A subdural haematoma results from the rupture of bridging veins draining into the superior sagittal sinus, or from haemorrhage into the subdural space from severe surface contusions. The blood spreads diffusely throughout the subdural space.
Anatomy for neurotrauma
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Vasudha Singhal, Sarabpreet Singh
Damage to small bridging veins in the subdural space due to sudden deceleration injuries may lead to a subdural hematoma. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the collection of blood between the arachnoid and dura, occurring as a result of arterial rupture in the subarachnoid space.
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
Vincent J. Alentado, Michael P. Steinmetz
Three layers of meninges cover the central nervous system. The outermost layer is the dense, fibrous dura mater. Intracranially, the dura mater is connected at several points to the cranial periosteum. The dura also descends through the foramen magnum to cover the spinal cord. The arachnoid mater is the middle sheath that loosely joins the dura mater. There is a potential space between the dura and arachnoid layers called the subdural space. The pia mater creates the innermost layer of the meninges. The pia mater is connected to the arachnoid mater by fine trabeculae. Between the arachnoid and pia mater is a true space called the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space is filled with CSF, which provides protection and nutrition to the CNS.
A case with a postoperative rapidly calcified subdural hematoma
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Huaqiang Ding, Shuai Liao, Liang Liu
Calcification of a SDH may occur after a head trauma, a meningitis or a ventricular shunting procedure.1,7 In our case, the calcified SDH was found after a craniotomy which is first reported. Postoperative intracranial hemorrhage is a common and serious complication of intracranial operations and requires surgical evacuation.8 However, some residual blood is to be expected and small hemorrhages representing minimal postoperative changes are clinically benign.9 After our patient had undergone the second craniotomy surgery, CT showed a small residual hematoma in the subdural space which was thought that it would lead to no significant clinical problems and would resolve gradually under conservative therapy. However, the SDH occurred calcification in the subacute stage which may cause neurological impairment in patients.1 From our case we suggest that a meticulous surgical technique and performance of a CT scan after surgery are necessary to ensure the absence of a postoperative intracranial hematoma.
Trigeminal schwannoma: a single-center experience with 43 cases and review of literature
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021
Mingchu Li, Xu Wang, Ge Chen, Jiantao Liang, Hongchuan Guo, Gang Song, Yuhai Bao
In the present study, traditional FTSA was selected for 15 (78.9%) of 19 type MP patients, in which merely four patients were operated by skull base approaches, such as STTA, FTEA and CSITA. Total removal was achieved for all 15 patients who were operated by FTSA, and no evidence of tumor recurrence was detected during the follow-up. According to our experience, FTSA is applicable for most type MP tumors. The dura mater of the middle fossa could be sufficiently exposed after splitting the lateral fissure, laterally retracting the temporal lobe. The tumor inside the middle fossa could further be exposed after dura incision (Figure 3(e)). After the piece by piece removal and adequate decompression of the tumor, the fibers should be usually recognized, and care should be given in preserving the arachnoidal plane (Figure 3(f)). When the tumor in the middle fossa was totally removed, the tentorium would be incised for the exposure and removal of the tumor in the posterior fossa (Figure 3(g)). Through this traditional approach, the total removal of type M and type MP tumors could be achieved via the subdural-epidural-subdural space. Compared with other skull base approaches, tumors in the subdural space could be easily exposed and removed by this traditional approach.
Unilateral Anophthalmia and Congenital Frontal Cranioschisis Associated with Extradural Neuroglial Heterotopia: new Insights into a Possible New Malformative Spectrum
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Javier Arredondo Montero, Mónica Bronte Anaut, Carlos Bardají Pascual
In relation to the etiopathogenesis, we believe that the presence of neuroglial heterotopia in our patient was what conditioned the frontal ossification defect. The closure of the metopic suture begins at 3 months of age and concludes around 8 months of age. Although it is not known exactly when neuroglial heterotopia appears, there is consensus that it is a prenatal defect secondary to aberrant migration of cells of the central nervous system. Like Tanii et al. (9), we consider that this nosological entity may be framed within neural tube defects and that it is probably a form of aborted encephalomyelomeningocele. The integrity of the dura mater and the absence of communication with the subdural space is what establishes the potential distinction with this entity.