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Sinus headache and nasal disease
Published in Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby, Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby
The ethmoid bone, a T-shaped structure that supports the bilateral ethmoid labyrinth, forms the lateral nasal wall. The horizontal limb of the T is formed by the cribriform plate, from which the ethmoid labyrinth is suspended. This is a complex structure with multiple bony septa and the medial projections of the superior and middle turbinates. Lateral to the uncinate process, which is a secondary projection of the ethmoid bone, is the infundibuium, a recess into which the maxillary sinus drains. The infundibuium drains into the hiatus semilunaris, which in turn drains into the middle meatus, which is located between the uncinate process and the middle turbinate. The frontal sinus drains into the frontal recess, which may drain into either the middle meatus or the ethmoidal infundibuium. This region is known as the osteomeatal complex11 (maxillary sinus ostium, infundibuium, hiatus semilunaris, middle turbinate, ethmoidal bulla, and frontal ostium). The sphenoidal sinus and posterior ethmoidal cells drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess (Figure 14.2).
Paediatric Rhinosinusitis and its Complications
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Normal function of the nose and paranasal sinuses depends upon the health and integrity of the ciliated, columnar mucosal epithelium, and the overall anatomical pathways for mucus clearance, aeration and sinus drainage. The osteomeatal complex (OMC) is central to these considerations, which functionally represents the final common drainage pathway for the majority of the paranasal sinuses (frontal anterior/middle ethmoid cells and maxillary sinuses). The OMC comprises five structures: maxillary ostium: the main drainage channel of the maxillary sinus into the middle meatusinfundibulum: a common channel draining the ostia of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses to the hiatus semilunarisbulla ethmoidalis: a single air cell which projects inferomedially over the hiatus semilunarisuncinate process: a crescent-shaped process arising from the posteromedial aspect of the nasolacrimal duct, forming the anterior border of the hiatus semilunarishiatus semilunaris: the final drainage passage, between the bulla ethmoidalis superiorly and free edge of the uncinate process. The sphenoid and posterior ethmoid cells drain separately into the sphenoethmoidal recess.
The Endoscopic Transnasal Approach to Orbital Tumors: A Review
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Edith R. Reshef, Benjamin S. Bleier, Suzanne K. Freitag
The orbital surgeon should be familiar with the pertinent anatomy of the sinonasal cavity. The superior aspect of the nasal cavity has been separated from the orbit by the adjacent anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses, which drain to the middle and superior meatus, respectively, and by the lamina papyracea, derived from the ethmoid bone to form a large portion of the medial wall of the orbit. The anterior and posterior ethmoids are divided by the basal lamella of the middle turbinate. The sphenoid sinuses lie posterior to the nasal cavity, communicating via the sphenoethmoidal recess. The basal lamella of the superior turbinate separates the sphenoid ostia from the posterior ethmoid sinuses. Inferior to the orbit and lateral to the nasal cavity lies the maxillary sinus, which drains to the middle meatus via the maxillary ostium (Figure 1).
Recent advances in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2018
Xiangdong Wang, Kun Du, Wenyu She, Yuhui Ouyang, Yutong Sima, Chengyao Liu, Luo Zhang
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose, which is induced after allergen exposure by an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the membranes [1]. The prevalence of self-reported AR has been estimated to range from 2 to 25% in children and from 1 to 40% in adults. The prevalence of confirmed AR in adults in Europe ranges from 17 to 28.5%[2]. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of AR has increased from 11.1% to 17.6% in Chinese adults[3]. AR is also associated with comorbidities such as asthma, rhinosinusitis, conjunctivitis, nasal polyposis and otitis media; of which AR has been confirmed to be a risk factor for asthma in both adults and children [1]. Indeed, one recent study has confirmed that AR is also a risk factor for both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and vice versa [4]. This may be of particular relevance in pediatric patients, as the pivotal pathophysiologic sites are the ostiomeatal complex, the spheno-ethmoidal recess, and the Eustachian tube; which are linked with otitis media and other sinus-related conditions in infants and children [5,6].
Deaths associated with insertion of nasogastric tubes for enteral nutrition in the medical intensive care unit: Clinical and autopsy findings
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
Avery L. Smith, Carol A. Santa Ana, John S. Fordtran, Joseph M. Guileyardo
A well-positioned orogastric tube was present along with two nasal packs. An oral endotracheal tube was well positioned. Anatomical cuts at the base of the skull to expose the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses and upper nasal cavity revealed liquid blood and clots contiguous with the sphenoethmoidal recess at the upper posterior aspect of the nasal cavity (Figure 2), consistent with nasal mucosal hemorrhage.