China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ultrasonography of the Bovine Reproductive System: Ultrasound Management of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Giovanni Gnemmi, Juan Carlos Gardón, Cristina Maraboli
The spermatic cord grows to 14 months of age (Kastelic and Thundathil, 2008). The spermatic cord is circumscribed by the vaginal tunic (visceral and parietal lamina lamina); inside is the pampiniform plexus, formed by the two testicular veins and the tortuous testicular artery. The two testicular veins communicate with each other and form an extraordinary tangle of vessels near the artery. The vas deferens also form a part of the spermatic cord. Outside the vaginal tunic is the crematorium muscle. The spermatic cord is always evaluated with a posterior approach, in the transversal sections or with a longitudinal section.
Single Best Answer Questions
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
A man undergoes an open inguinal hernia repair. During the procedure the spermatic cord is visualized. What structures does this contain?Dartos muscleFemoral branch of the genitofemoral nerveIlioinguinal nerveInferior epigastric arteryPampiniform plexus
Male reproductive system
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Torsion of spermatic cord Urological emergencyUsually occurs within tunica vaginalisSymptoms: severe painInvestigations: Doppler ultrasound scanComplications: testicular a. may be occluded → testicular necrosis
Astaxanthin Protects Testicular Tissue against Torsion/Detorsion-Induced Injury via Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Selim Demir,, Ilke Onur Kazaz, Gokcen Kerimoglu, Elif Ayazoglu Demir, Fatih Colak, Sedanur Yilmaz, Ahmet Mentese
Testicular torsion (TT) is a urological emergency caused by the entanglement of the spermatic cord [1]. It is estimated that 5 out of every 100,000 men under the age of 25 experience TT each year, with the greatest incidence seen in men of perinatal and adolescence age [2, 3]. Rotation of the spermatic cord results in the interruption of blood flow to the testicular tissue [4]. This process, called ischemia, causes biochemical and histological changes [1]. As the cell loses aerobic conditions during ischemia, the ATP pool decreases [2]. The only clinical option of the treatment of TT is the detorsion procedure. However, the reperfusion of the tissues with the detorsion process causes a more serious tissue damage than the ischemic state. This paradoxical situation is known as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and is reported to be the main mechanism underlying the etiopathogenesis of TT [4]. I/R damage occurs as a result of the explosion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cannot be tolerated in reoxygenated cells and can cause the body’s defense systems to collapse over time. Under these conditions, cell death pathways, such as apoptosis and autophagy, are activated to prevent multiple organ failure [5].
Non-pharmacological treatments for chronic orchialgia: A systemic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Kareim Khalafalla, Mohamed Arafa, Haitham Elbardisi, Ahmad Majzoub
The present review identified 19 individual studies including 1676 testicular units for which MSCD was performed. In most cases an open approach for surgery was performed (inguinal [n = 14]; subinguinal [n = 3]; Table 1) [9–27]. Depending on the level of the incision, the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle is either spared or opened. The ilioinguinal nerve is identified and a 2 cm segment is excised and ligated with proximal part buried well to avoid neuroma formation. Under microscopic magnification, the spermatic cord is brought up and its fascia is opened to expose the cord contents. Micro-Doppler ultrasonography (US) is used to identify the arterial flow in attempt to preserve testicular and cremasteric arteries during the procedure. The contents of the cord are ligated and dissected, which includes the cremasteric fascia, spermatic cord fat, and the pampiniform plexus of veins. Lymphatics are preferably spared to avoid hydrocele formation. The vas deferens is also preserved to reduce epididymal congestion, which decreases the incidence of post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS). However, stripping of the perivasal tissues is performed to ensure obliteration of all the neural fibres.
A funny case of Funiculitis
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
CT angiography of the splanchnic and renal vessels revealed no abnormalities. A surgical biopsy of the spermatic cord was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed abnormal intravascular and perivascular neutrophilic collections without vascular wall damage or fibrinoid necrosis. Positron emission tomography showed an increased 18FDG-uptake in the aortic wall, the carotid, subclavian, iliac and femoral arteries (Figure 1). A diagnosis of medium vessel vasculitis was made and treatment with methylprednisolone 32 mg/d was started perorally. The patient showed a rapid clinical improvement with resolution of fever and testicular swelling and tenderness. Inflammatory markers normalized. At an outpatient visit four months after discharge from the hospital, the patient was doing well with absence of inflammation and no recurrence of initial symptoms under treatment with methylprednisolone at a dose tapered to 8 mg/d.