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Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Lauren E. Corona, Kate H. Kraft
The first step of the operation is to incise the peritoneum laterally and reflect the colon medially, away from the kidney and Gerota's fascia (Figure 67.11a). It is important to identify the correct tissue plane. The renal capsule is covered by a thin film of loose adventitia and it is important to be deep to this plane, keeping absolutely snug on the renal capsule. The plane is developed medially into the sinus where the renal pelvis should then be easily identified. The renal vein may be exposed during this maneuver.
The patient with acute renal problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
The kidneys are situated on the posterior abdominal wall, outside the peritoneal cavity. Located on either side of the vertebral column, they are approximately 11cm in length, 5 to 6cm in width and 3–4cm thick. They are partially protected by the eleventh and twelfth pairs of ribs and they are capped by the adrenal glands. Each kidney is surrounded by three layers: a tough fibrous covering, the ‘renal capsule’, a layer of protective fat and a layer of connective tissue, the ‘renal fascia’, which attaches the kidney to the posterior abdominal wall (see Figure 8.1).
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Thomas F. DeLaney, David C. Harmon, Karol Sikora, Francis J. Hornicek
The primary treatment for the local control of these tumors is surgical resection. The optimal goal of surgical resection is complete gross resection with microscopically negative margins. However, even complete gross resection can be difficult to obtain, and complete gross resection rates in large series are between 54% and 67%. In about three-quarters of cases, complete gross resection requires resection of adjacent viscera. Note that for tumors abutting the kidney, the renal capsule can often be resected rather than formal nephrectomy, given that 75% of kidneys resected in one series showed no renal capsule, parenchyma, or vessel invasion.
Aging erythrocyte membranes as biomimetic nanometer carriers of liver-targeting chromium poisoning treatment
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Qing Yao, Guobao Yang, Hao Wang, Jingzhou Liu, Jinpeng Zheng, Bai Lv, Meiyan Yang, Yang Yang, Chunsheng Gao, Yongxue Guo
Mice were intravenously injected with K2CrO4, and the treatment was started on the 8th day. After 14 days, HE staining of the sections of the main organs of the mice was observed, as shown in Figure 4(E). The liver and lungs of the K2CrO4 poisoning group were damaged to a certain extent. The liver, spleen, and lung tissues of the free-DMSA, DMSA-NLC, and AEM-DMSA-NP groups (compared to the K2CrO4-infected group) were not significantly affected. The HE staining of muscle fibers in each heart tissue was uniform, the epicardium was not thickened, some muscle spaces were not significantly enlarged or smaller, myocardial nuclei were round or oval, the transverse striations of muscle fibers were clear, and no eosinophilic lesions were seen in the muscle fibers (Huang et al., 2018). In the renal tissue, the renal capsule was smooth, the boundary between the cortex and medulla was obvious, the glomeruli in the renal cortex were normal and evenly distributed, and no obvious changes were observed in the renal medulla area. The brain tissue of each group was clear, the nerve cells were closely arranged, the nucleus was clear, and the cytoplasmic nucleus was clearly stained. The results showed that DMSA had low toxicity and a good effect on detoxifying chromium poisoning.
Microenvironment derived from metanephros transplantation inhibits the progression of acute kidney injury in glycerol-induced rat models
Published in Renal Failure, 2020
Kailin Li, Yuan Chen, Jianye Zhang, Yong Guan, Chao Sun, Xian Li, Xiaoshuai Xie, Denglu Zhang, Xin Yu, Tongyan Liu, Xufeng Zhang, Feng Kong, Shengtian Zhao
Early treatment of acute renal injury is very important to prevent the deterioration of acute renal injury [31]. Early intervention can effectively promote the recovery of acute renal injury and avoid the outcome of chronic renal injury [32,33]. In previous studies, it has been reported that AKI is treated by drugs, such as suramin injected intravenously, quinacrine injected intraperitoneally, and so on [24,32,34,35]. In this study, we selected a 15-day embryo kidney and transplanted it under the renal capsule of the recipient rats. Compared with the traditional methods, such as intravenous injection and intraperitoneal injection [36,37], subcapsular metanephroi transplantation can ensure the continuity of treatment of recipient kidney. Moreover, because the metanephroi microenvironment grows under the renal capsule, its protective effect on the kidney is more targeted. Previous studies have determined that metanephroi microenvironment plays an important role in renal regeneration [10,38,39], prevention of vascular calcification [12], maintenance of blood pressure [13], and so on.
IgG4-related kidney disease and retroperitoneal fibrosis: An update
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Mitsuhiro Kawano, Takako Saeki, Hitoshi Nakashima
Contrast-enhanced (CE) computed tomography (CT) is the most important modality to detect and evaluate IgG4-TIN [11,34]. The distribution of lesions in each kidney is usually demonstrated as multiple low-density lesions (Figure 1(A)). When the lesions are small, they are called small cortical hypodense nodules. However, contrast-enhancement should be avoided in patients with decreased renal function because of the risk of contrast nephropathy. When contrast-enhancement cannot be used, bilateral diffuse kidney enlargement despite renal dysfunction is another feature. Since the border between affected and unaffected areas is very unclear with bilateral enlarged kidneys, diffuse patchy involvement is a more suitable name in such cases (Figure 1(B)) [15,35]. Extrarenal lesions and those located on the renal capsule are another salient feature of this disease, and are called ‘rim-like lesion of the kidney’ (Figure 1(C)) [36–40]. This radiological finding corresponds to the capsule-like low-density rim of Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Finally, a solitary mass lesion has also been reported [41,42]. This lesion is very difficult to differentiate from malignant tumor, and nephrectomy is sometimes required.