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Trunk Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Rowan Sherwood
Pyramidalis is a triangular muscle situated anterior to the lower portion of rectus abdominis within the rectus sheath (Standring 2016). It originates from the pubis and in an apex that is attached to the linea alba about halfway between the pubis and umbilicus (Standring 2016).
General plastic
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Attachment – from the pubic crest/symphysis to the xiphoid and fifth to seventh costal cartilages. The pyramidalis muscle arises from the pubic crest and blends with its counterpart at the linea alba 4 cm above its origin.
Traditional Surgery and Other Historical Procedures for Stress Incontinence
Published in Linda Cardozo, Staskin David, Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynecology - Two-Volume Set, 2017
Malcolm Lucas, Elizabeth Timbrook Brown, Roger R. Dmochowski
Well over 100 yeArs Ago, the principle of plAcing A strip of Autologous tissue beneAth the urethrA to provide An obstructive effect wAs estAblished. It is never quite cleAr in retrospect who mAde the first contribution since one relies entirely on whAt others hAve written on the subject. However, undoubtedly the person who populArized the concept of plAcing rF Around the urethrA wAs Aldridge in 1942 [83]. Previous descriptions of surgery hAd included the use of pyrAmidAlis muscle tendon trAnsplAnted to elevAte the urethrA [84] And the Addition of rF And blAdder neck plicAtion [85] to this technique. ModificAtions of this technique were prActiced in some centers until fAirly recently [86]. The grAcilis muscle wAs Also used As eArly As 1907 [87], And these tendon And muscle, innervAted or otherwise, hAve repeAtedly been used over the yeArs to wrAp both the urethrA And the Anorectum, but suffer from the extent of dissection And mobilizAtion required, the
Nutrigenomics in Parkinson’s disease: diversity of modulatory actions of polyphenols on epigenetic effects induced by toxins
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Moara Rodrigues-Costa, Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema-Santos, Lílian Vanessa da Penha Gonçalves, Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
Agathisflavone (FAB) (8-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one) is a yellow colored biflavonoid that can be extracted from the Poincianella pyramidalis or Anacardium occidentale plants. Poincianella pyramidalis is an endemic plant of the Caatinga, selected by animals grazing on native pasture. Anacardium occidentale, known as the cashew nut, has its origin in north-eastern Brazil. Recently, it has been found to be present in several other countries where the nuts and apples are used for nutrition. FAB has been reported for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective effects.89 It has also been observed that FAB acts against aminochrome cytoxicity by preventing lysosomal dysfunction and cell death in PD.90 It appears that these protective effects in PD also involve epigenetic mechanisms. In the SH-SY5Y cell lineage and BV2 microglia, it has been demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective action of FAB involves the activity of the SIRT-1 enzyme in NF-Kb signaling pathway, making this bioactive substance another natural candidate for nutrigenomics therapy against PD.16
Protective effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Mehmet Berköz, Serap Yalın, Ferbal Özkan-Yılmaz, Arzu Özlüer-Hunt, Mirosław Krośniak, Renata Francik, Oruç Yunusoğlu, Abdullah Adıyaman, Hava Gezici, Ayhan Yiğit, Seda Ünal, Davut Volkan, Metin Yıldırım
Histological studies were carried out in spleen, liver, and bone marrow to analyze the impact of cyclophosphamide on these tissues. Previous reports have also demonstrated that the effect of oxidative stress of cyclophosphamide induces injury to liver, kidney, brain, lung, and other tissues [68,69]. In the present investigation, cyclophosphamide caused destruction of splenocytes in spleen tissue and necrosis of hepatocytes in liver tissue due to oxidative damage. The pathological changes on these tissues induced by cyclophosphamide toxicity are correlated with enzyme activities and up regulation of protein synthesis [70]. Moreover, the oxidative damage of cyclophosphamide administration on the tissues is significantly reduced by the myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin treatments. Previous studies also suggested that propolis extract (100 mg/kg) and Caesalpinia pyramidalis extract (400 mg/kg) reduced the cyclophosphamide-induced tissue damages in rodents [71,72]. The count of nucleated cells in the bone marrow is a direct index of the process of hematopoiesis [73]. A reduction in the number of these cells in the cyclophosphamide group demonstrated the acute injuries in bone marrow and apoptosis of these cells, although this damage was not apparent in rats pretreated with high concentration of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin. Administration of cyclophosphamide decreased the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow in this study. Similarly, significant decrease in erythroblast, megakaryocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte and neutrophil counts agrees with the reports of several other authors who noted a profound decrease in these bone marrow cells after administration of cyclophosphamide in laboratory animals [73,74]. However, as a result of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments, megakaryocytes were significantly increased in rats. Consistent with our results, Anjum et al. [36] have found that plants rich in myricetin possess immunostimulant and anti-thrombocytopenic properties. It is thought that pretreatment with these phytochemicals may mitigate thrombocytopenia through the alleviation of the loss of bone marrow cells in cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity.