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The cavovarus foot
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Inversion of the hindfoot is predominantly powered by the tibialis posterior and, to a certain extent, to the tibialis anterior. The eversion of the foot is mainly by the peroneus brevis, with a small contribution from the peroneus longus. Again, weakness of the peroneus brevis and a relatively stronger tibialis posterior can lead to a varus deformity of the hindfoot.
Surgery of the Ankle
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Matthew Welck, Laurence James, Dishan Singh
The peroneus longus originates from the lateral tibial condyle and head of fibula to insert on the first metatarsal base and medial cuneiform. The peroneus brevis originates from the middle one-third of the fibula and tibia to insert on the base of the fifth metatarsal. Remember, at the ankle the peroneus brevis is sandwiched between the bone and the peroneus longus – ‘brevis to bone’.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The posterior muscles of the ankle and foot are gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and tibialis posterior. As a group, these muscles cross the back of the ankle and plantarflex the ankle. Gastrocnemius is the large two-headed muscle that forms the bulk of the calf and also flexes the knee (see knee – muscles) and supinates the foot. The next largest muscle of the calf is soleus, which lies deep to the gastrocnemius; its action is purely plantarflexing the ankle. Between these two muscles lies the small plantaris muscle, which makes a minor contribution to flexing the knee and plantarflexing the ankle. Deep to these muscles lies popliteus; this muscle contributes to flexing the knee and internally rotating the tibia. Flexors digitorum and hallucis longus flex the four lesser toes and great toe respectively. Tibialis posterior supinates the foot in addition to plantarflexing the ankle. Two muscles are situated laterally on the leg, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis. Their role is pronating the foot and plantarflexing the ankle. The intrinsic muscles of the foot contribute to movement of the toes. There are many muscles within the foot, with the muscles of the dorsum of the foot being four layers deep.
Utilization of Perifascial Loose Areolar Tissue Grafting as an Autologous Dermal Substitute in Extremity Burns
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2023
Burak Özkan, Burak Ergün Tatar, Abbas Albayati, Cagri Ahmet Uysal
A 35-year-old man sustained high-voltage electrical burns. He had third-degree lower and upper extremity burns on 8% of the total body surface. He underwent immediate debridement and peroneus brevis muscle flap reconstruction to cover the exposed lower one-third of the defect. The tibialis anterior tendon and distal one-third of the fibula became exposed 2 weeks after the operation (Figure 8). In a second operation, a PAT graft was harvested from the abdomen and applied on the exposed tibialis anterior tendon. The PAT graft was laid over the exposed tendon, with full contact to the surrounding granulation tissue. It was simultaneously covered with a meshed skin graft at a meshing ratio of 3:1 (Figure 9). The PAT grafts completely survived. The skin graft showed partial necrosis. The patient was followed up with conventional wound care, and the defects were fully epithelized in 1 month after the operation. An image of the patient taken 6 months after the operation is shown in Figure 10.
Isolating the Superficial Peroneal Nerve Motor Branch to the Peroneus Longus Muscle with Concentric Stimulation during Diagnostic Motor Nerve Biopsy
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2022
Ashley Rosenberg, Rachel Pruitt, Sami Saba, Justin W. Silverstein, Randy S. D’Amico
Arising from the sciatic nerve, the CPN travels in the posterior thigh to cross the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle to enter the anterolateral portion of the leg just below the fibular head. Here, the CPN divides into articular, deep, and superficial divisions (Figure 3A). The articular division innervates the joint capsule. The DPN innervates the anterior leg muscles responsible for dorsiflexion and terminates in a cutaneous branch between the first and second toe. The SPN provides motor innervation to the peroneus longus and the peroneus brevis only. Otherwise, the SPN provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral leg below the knee (D’Amico and Winfree 2017). The peroneus longus and peroneus brevis are located in the lateral portion of the leg and function primarily to evert the ankle, with the peroneus brevis considered more effective as an evertor than the peroneus longus (Lee et al. 2011). Both muscles also function in conjunction with the tibialis posterior in plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle (D’Amico and Winfree 2017).
Muscle stretching changes neuromuscular function involved in ankle stability
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Alex Sandra Oliveira de Cerqueira, Renato José Soares, Renata de Azevedo Antunes Corrêa, Bruno Mezêncio, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
During experimental protocol, the participants were subjected to simulated ankle sprain (Figures 2a and 2b) before (pre-intervention) and after (post-intervention) the static-passive stretching of the peroneus brevis (PB) and peroneus longus (PL) muscles (Figure 2c). Throughout the simulated ankle sprain, EMG signal recording was performed using Ag/AgCl surface electrodes (20 mm apart) positioned on PB and PL muscles (Figure 2b) following the standards established by the Surface Electromyography for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Muscle (2012). The reference electrodes were positioned over the patella and the tibial tuberosity (Figure 2b). Shaving, abrasion with sandpaper and cleaning with isopropyl 70% alcohol were performed at the electrode placement sites to decrease skin impedance.