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Infection-Associated Ocular Cranial Nerve Palsies
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Imran Rizvi, Neeraj Kumar, Kiran Preet Malhotra, Gaurav Kumar, Manoj K. Goyal, Manish Modi, Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vivek Lal
These bacterial infections commonly involve orbits causing pre-septal or post-septal orbital cellulitis. Orbital cellulitis refers to the infectious-inflammatory process involving ocular adnexa within the orbit posterior to the orbital septum (14). Involvement of structures anterior to orbital septum (skin and the soft tissue around the eye) by the infectious process is termed as periorbital cellulitis or pre-septal cellulitis (Figure 16.3).
Anatomical Considerations to Improve Aesthetic Treatments Using Neuromodulators
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results, 2022
Nicholas Moellhoff, Sebastian Cotofana
The periorbital region is of central importance during social interaction. It plays a role in nonverbal communication and displays a large set of emotions, including sadness, tiredness, anger, or surprise. The fascial layered arrangement of the periorbital region is composed of eight distinct anatomical layers: SkinSubcutaneous fatSuprafrontalis fascia/orbicularis retaining ligamentFrontalis muscle/orbicularis oculi muscleRetro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF)Dense fascia in continuation of the subfrontalis fasciaPreperiosteal fatPeriosteum
Botulinum toxin complications and management
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Both orbital and periorbital cellulitis may be caused by tracking infection of the soft tissues surrounding the orbit. Should the infection make its way to the eye itself then, there the consequences can be devastating. The key anatomical discriminator for orbital or periorbital cellulitis is the orbital septum, a thin, fibrous, multilaminated structure which attaches peripherally to the orbital margin to form the arcus marginalis which provides mechanical support to the orbital fat. Should an infection remain anterior to the orbital septum then this is known as periorbital cellulitis, whereas should it penetrate the septum and enter the soft tissues within the orbit, it is known as orbital cellulitis.
Advancements in the repair of large upper eyelid defects: A 10-year review
Published in Orbit, 2021
Erin Jennings, Mark Krakauer, William R. Nunery, Vinay Kumar Aakalu
The repair of large, full-thickness defects of the upper lid has remained a challenging area of periocular reconstruction. The complex anatomy and dynamic functions of the upper lid, combined with the relative paucity of similar specialized tissue in this region, makes reconstruction technically difficult and can be associated with functional complications or cosmetic dissatisfaction. One study that compared outcomes of periorbital reconstruction based on anatomical zone – the upper eyelid, medial canthus, lateral canthus, or lower eyelid – reported that 72% of the patients that required revision surgery had defects that were greater than 50% of the upper eyelid.18 While the foundations that govern large upper lid reconstruction have been generally agreed upon, surgeons have continued to modify traditional techniques in order to reduce complications and overall surgical burden. The aim of this article was to review novel techniques, and modifications to well-described procedures, for reconstruction of large upper lid defects that have been published over the past 10 years.
Ozone treatment for high-dose systemic Steroid-Induced retinal injury
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Aydın Yıldız, Müşerref Hilal Şehitoğlu, İhsan Karaboğa, Sedat Arıkan
Before the study, 10 mg/kg ketamine (Ketalar, Eczacıbaşı, Istanbul, Turkey) was administered intramuscularly to all experimental animals for premedication. Subsequently, a 24 G artery catheter followed by a 26 G vein catheter were inserted. Supratracheal intubation (V-gel rabbit) was used on animals for adequate airway safety after 2 mg/kg ketamine, 1 µg/kg fentanyl, and 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium bromide for induction of anaesthesia, if sedation was insufficient and necessary, depending on the length of the procedure. Anaesthesia was maintained with 1% isoflurane and 50%/50% oxygen/air mixture throughout the procedure. The removal of the eyes was performed with the help of microsurgical instruments. Rabbit eyes were enucleated before sacrificing so that the effects of hypoxia on the retina were minimal. First, the eyelid was held and removed with forceps, and an incision was made with spring scissors. The incision was continued and completed throughout the entire fornix. The orbital contents were dissected from the periorbita by grasping the bulbar conjunctiva with the forceps and the optic nerve was excised with curved scissors. 1 mg/kg rocuronium, 10 mg/kg ketamine and 2 µg/kg fentanyl (i.v. injection) were used to sacrifice the rabbits. In order to separate the retinal tissue, the globe was divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior, at the equator in the vertical plane. Retinal tissue was removed from the choroid tissue underneath with the help of fine forceps. One of the retinas taken from the eyes of each rabbit was kept for biochemical analysis while the other had histological analysis performed.
Superficial intense focused ultrasound on periorbital wrinkle
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Dong Hye Suh, Hyung Jin Park, Sang Jun Lee, Kye-Yong Song, Min Kyung Shin
IFUS has been reported to improve wrinkles in areas such as the periorbital region, inner brachium, periumbilicus, and knees.4 The periorbital area is not only a cosmetically important region in that it is easily visible, but also it should be attended to, especially regarding the occurrence of adverse effects, as the skin of this region is extremely thin, and skin appendages are rarely distributed. IFUS, especially using the 1.5-mm transducer, can be employed to target only the shallow layer of the dermis, thus reducing the potential adverse effects on the bony structure or the possibility of increasing the intraocular pressure. However, if IFUS treatment is performed inside the orbital rim, the possibility of damage to the globe cannot be completely ruled out. Therefore, it is essential to check the orbital rim margin during treatment procedure. Also, as it spares the epidermis, pigmentary change is extremely rare.