China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pain management
Published in J. Richard Smith, Giuseppe Del Priore, Robert L. Coleman, John M. Monaghan, An Atlas of Gynecologic Oncology, 2018
Andrew Lawson, Paul Farquhar-Smith
The superior hypogastric plexus is formed by the union of the lumbar sympathetic chains in branches of the aortic plexus in combination with the parasympathetic fibers originating in the ventral routes of S2–S4, which form the pelvic splanchnic nerve, some fibers of which ascend from the inferior hypogastric plexus to join the superior hypogastric plexus. The superior hypogastric plexus is situated anterior to the lower part of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the upper part of the sacral promontory. It is retroperitoneal and is often called the presacral nerve. The superior hypogastric plexus gives off branches to the ovarian plexuses.
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Andrea J. Rapkin, Candace Howe
Beard and co-authors (1984) performed the only blinded study of venograms in patients with chronic pelvic pain. Larger mean ovarian vein diameters, delayed disappearance of contrast medium, and ovarian plexus congestion were present in a significantly greater proportion of women with chronic pelvic pain without pathology than those with pathology or controls. In support of pelvic congestion as a true entity in the spectrum of causes of pelvic pain, Foong et al. (2002) in a prospective, controlled longitudinal study using Beard’s criteria for diagnosis of pelvic congestion found systemic microvascular dysfunction due to neutrophil-mediated increases in postcapillary resistance measurements. Diagnostic means other than venograms include transvaginal ultrasound, which may reveal uterine enlargement, thickened endometrium, cystic ovaries, and dilated pelvic veins, or more recently for more detailed visualization of structures, MRI (Adams et al., 1990; Gupta & McCarthy, 1994; Stones et al., 1990).
Anatomy of veins and lymphatics
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
It ascends behind and lateral to the corresponding arter y to join the external iliac vein. It is duplicated in some 30% of subjects, and if so then one trunk receives blood from visceral tributaries and the other from parietal tributaries (Figure 2.10).Parietal tributaries from outside the pelvis are the superior and inferior gluteal veins that drain gluteal muscles, and the obturator vein that drains medial thigh muscles. The obturator vein may be replaced by an accessor y obturator vein that joins the external iliac vein.Parietal tributaries from the walls of the pelvis form the sacral venous plexus behind the rectum, which drains blood from spinal veins through the medial sacral veins into the left common iliac vein, iliolumbar vein into the common iliac veins and lateral sacral vein into the internal iliac veins.Visceral tributaries arise in the rectal, vesical and pudendal plexuses, and the vaginal and uterine or prostatic plexuses. There are extensive connections between the plexuses and, through them, between the inferior and superior vena cavae.External and internal rectal venous plexuses lie within the rectal wall. The internal rectal plexus forms the haemorrhoidal plexus and drains both cranially through the superior rectal veins to the inferior mesenteric vein in the portal circulation, and through the middle rectal veins and internal pudendal vein to the internal iliac vein in the systemic venous circulation.The pudendal plexus lies behind the pubic symphysis in front of the bladder and connects with the internal pudendal vein and is commonly known as the plexus of Santorini.In the female, the uterine plexuses lie along the sides and superior angles of the uterus between the two layers of the broad ligament, the vaginal plexuses are placed at the sides of the vagina, and the ovarian plexuses surround the ovaries. These form a major connection between pelvic veins and the pubic, suprapubic, obturator, inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac veins passing to veins in the lower limbs.In the male, the superficial dorsal vein of the penis drains the prepuce and skin of the penis and opens into the external pudendal veins, tributaries of the great saphenous vein. The deep dorsal vein of the penis drains the glans penis and corpora cavernosa and passes to the pudendal plexus behind the symphysis pubis and in front of the bladder and prostate and then to the internal pudendal vein.
Expression of ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-β2 in cumulus cell culture of infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome and poor responder who are a candidate for IVF: the novel strategic role of clonidine in this expression
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2021
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh, Maryam Bagheri, Maryam Sarmast Shoushtari, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh
In the central, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a responder for stress which contains hypophysiotrophic PVN neurons that can directly control the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis [58]. The alpha1-receptor subtype-specific mRNA expressions and the expression of its binding sites have been designated in PVN in stress-induced activation of the HPA axis [51]. The sensitized response of the HPA axis for the exposure of the chronic intermittent cold stress can be attributed to an intensity response of α1-adrenoceptor activation in the PVN. This increase response could be assumed to be the results of an elevation in postsynaptic receptor number and its affinity, or facilitation in the transduction of receptor-activated signal. Chronic intermittent cold stress can produce an up-regulation of α1-adrenoceptor in the postsynaptic position [59,60]. This is a central response and it should be noted that the HPA axis and SNS activities are higher in PCO than normal. But in peripheral, Kagitani et al (2008) showed that estradiol secretion rate during SON electrical stimulation was significantly decreased by 47 ± 6% but had no effect on the ovarian plexus nerve (OPN). They suggested that SNS projection in the ovary via the SON must be an inhibitory role in the secretion of ovarian estradiol and can be decreased ovarian estradiol [45,46]. This decreasing of estradiol levels probably does not allow the PCO rat modeling to be successful in a previous study [57].
Superior mesenteric ganglion via ovarian plexus nerve involved in the cross-talk between noradrenaline and GnRH in rat ovaries
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
María Belén Delsouc, Sandra Vallcaneras, Cristina Daneri Becerra, Fabián Heber Mohamed, Marina Fernández, Adriana Soledad Vega Orozco, Marilina Casais
Extrinsic innervation of the mammalian ovary involves two sources: the superior ovarian nerve (SON), which is organized around the follicles, and the ovarian plexus nerve (OPN), which is mainly associated with the vasculature (del Campo et al. 2019). Both sources are constituted by noradrenergic/peptidergic nerve fibers (Aguado 2002; Domínguez and Cruz-Morales 2011). The superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG), a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion, contains neurons whose axons make up the OPN.
Comprehensive overview of the venous disorder known as pelvic congestion syndrome
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Kamil Bałabuszek, Michał Toborek, Radosław Pietura
Blood from the uterus is drained through the interconnecting uterine plexus mainly by four veins. The lower section of the plexus is directed to the left and right internal iliac veins (IIV). Each IIV is led to the common iliac vein and then to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Occasionally IIV can drain straight into IVC. The upper part of the uterus is drained on each side through the uterine or the ovarian plexus to the ovarian veins [12,22].