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Ascending Projections of the Solitary Tract Nucleus
Published in I. Robin A. Barraco, Nucleus of the Solitary Tract, 2019
G. J. Ter Horst, C. Streefland
Restricted NTS projections to the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes5) and locus coeruleus, both situated dorsomedial of the parabrachial nuclei, are demonstrated in the rat after PHA-L injections into the rostral and intermediate — gustatory — parts of the NTS.7,13 The terminal presynaptic endings and varicose fibers are mainly seen in the ventrolateral, masticatory muscle spindle afferent24 part of Mes5, but also in the periodontal afferent part24 located in the lateral periaqueductal gray. Varicose fibers are found in Mes5 after lectin injections into the medial subnucleus of the NTS.17 Some Mes5 innervating fibers give off collaterals which terminate in the locus coeruleus.13 In hamsters and monkeys, such mesencephalic trigeminal and locus coeruleus projections are not found, neither with autoradiographic14,19 nor with PHA-L11 tracing of NTS efferent connections.
Specific Synonyms
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Mesencephalic nucleus (B&K, p. 129) Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (B&K, p. 289)Nucleus of the mesencephalic root of V (CH&L, p. 177)
Histamine as Neurotransmitter
Published in Divya Vohora, The Third Histamine Receptor, 2008
Oliver Selbach, Helmut L. Haas
The nuclei of the diagonal band and the septum receive a strong histaminergic innervation. A dense fiber network passes through and innervates the supramamillary nucleus that contains glutamatergic neurons projecting to cortical areas. The ventral tegmentum and the dopaminergic nuclei (substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area [VTA]) receive significant histaminergic input. This is true also for the tectum with a particularly interesting basket like innervation pattern of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. Some neurons in the pontine central grey also display immunoreactive terminal-like structures [151], and the mesencephalic reticular areas giving rise to the ascending reticular activating system and the aminergic nuclei (the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and the serotonergic raphe nuclei) are moderately innervated. Histaminergic fibers descend further to the spinal cord [153].
Intratracheal instillation of respirable particulate matter elicits neuroendocrine activation
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
Devin I. Alewel, Andres R. Henriquez, Mette C. Schladweiler, Rachel Grindstaff, Anna A. Fisher, Samantha J. Snow, Thomas W. Jackson, Urmila P. Kodavanti
Neural and neuroendocrine system regulation of the innate immune response to stress has been well established (Sternberg, 2006; Walsh et al. 2021). In the nose, projections of the trigeminal nerve perceive irritant and noxious stimuli and communicate with the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the central nervous system (CNS) (Harkema et al. 2006). Moreover, the lungs are densely innervated with diverse mechano- and chemo-sensitive receptors extending from the vagus nerve that monitor irritation reflexes induced by pollutants depositing into the tracheobronchial and pulmonary airways (Mazzone and Undem 2016). Pulmonary injury stimulates vagal neurons and transfers stimuli through the jugular and nodose ganglions, which project to brain regions such as the hypothalamus for systemic feedback, often in the form of neuroendocrine activation and adrenal hormone release (Gackière et al. 2011; Mazzone and Undem 2016; Snow et al. 2018; Kodavanti 2019).