China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The lateral wall is formed by parts of the zygomatic and sphenoid bones and is the thickest. The medial wall is formed by parts of the maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones and is very thin. It is marked anteriorly by the lacrimal groove.
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The orbital margin is formed by the frontal bone superiorly, zygomatic bone laterally (which includes the frontal process and temporal process) and the maxillary bone (or maxilla) medially, which also spans a good portion of the skull. The maxilla includes a frontal process along this orbital margin, an alveolar process above the teeth, an anterior nasal spine located at the bottom of the nasal region protruding out, an incisive foramen, and palatine process along the roof of the oral cavity, an anterior lacrimal crest bordering the anterior portion of the lacrimal groove, an infraorbital groove located on the floor of the orbit, and an infraorbital foramen just inferior to the orbital margin. The anterior nasal aperture is bounded by the nasal bones and maxillae. The nasal septum and the lacrimal bone (which includes the posterior lacrimal crest and lacrimal groove, all so-named because of their proximity to the lacrimal duct, which drains the tears of happiness that you will shed on completing your degree) can be seen in a frontal view of the anterior nasal aperture (Plates 3.7a and c and 3.8a and c).
Head, neck and vertebral column
Published in David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings, McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, 2017
David Heylings, Stephen Carmichael, Samuel Leinster, Janak Saada, Bari M. Logan, Ralph T. Hutchings
Lacrimal gland - in the upper outer corner of the orbit (Fig.3.30), with about a dozen small ducts constantly discharging a small amount of secretion onto the surface of the eye. At the medial end of each eyelid is a tiny opening (lacrimal punctum) into a lacrimal canaliculus, which leads into the lacrimal sac situated in the lacrimal groove at the front of the orbit.
Entrapment of the inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles in orbital trapdoor fracture
Published in Orbit, 2022
Patricia Ann L. Lee, Shinjiro Kono, Hirohiko Kakizaki, Yasuhiro Takahashi
IO incarceration in pediatric trapdoor fractures may occur through several mechanisms. Anatomically, the IO muscle arises just lateral to the lacrimal groove to insert underneath the lateral rectus muscle.6,7 It passes laterally, posteriorly, and superiorly over the infraorbital groove, which commonly forms the lateral border of the fracture site, and underneath the IR muscle, positioning it closer to the orbital floor.8 A properly-positioned and -sized fracture that traverses the path of the IO muscle may entrap it. Moreover, the IO muscle shares a common tendinous sheath with the IR muscle. Kim et al. and Nardi proposed that slippage of the IR muscle into the fracture can stretch and drag the IO into the fracture site, resulting in characteristic motility limitations.5,9 Similarly, the extraocular muscles are linked to the orbital fat through dense orbital connective tissue septae.1 Traction on the orbital fat and septae around the IO muscle may lead to direct IO involvement.
Variation of the minimally invasive CDCR technique
Published in Orbit, 2020
Austin Pharo, James Chelnis, Tara Goecks, Kendra C. DeAngelis, Brian Fowler, J. Chris Fleming, Thomas C. Naugle
Surgical technique: The anterior lacrimal crest is identified. The sharp tip of the NKD is placed at the junction of the caruncle and conjunctiva within the lacrimal groove and pushed infero-medially at a 45-degree angle (Figure 2a) to penetrate through conjunctiva to the nasal mucosa, creating an osteotomy from the external conjunctiva into the middle meatus. Using nasal endoscopy or illuminated speculum, the tip of the NKD can be observed entering the nasal cavity, confirming optimal tract placement. If the middle turbinate obstructs the tract, a middle partial turbinectomy can be performed.13,14 Takahashi forceps can be used to remove any bone fragments created by the NKD that obstruct the osteotomy or impede placement of the Jones tube.