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Anatomy of Neck and Blood Supply of Brain
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Most of the sinuses converge at the confluence of sinuses located near the internal occipital protuberance and then on either side traverse as transverse sinuses, which continue as sigmoid sinuses finally forming the internal jugular vein. The cavernous sinus through the superior or inferior petrosal sinuses drains into the internal jugular vein. Internal jugular vein is continuation of sigmoid sinus, and it traverses down through the jugular foramen and enters the carotid sheath in the neck.
Adult skull fractures
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Externally, the scalp may show evidence of blunt force impact with combinations of laceration, bruising and abrasion. A variety of linear fractures may be produced in the occipital bone – vertical fractures extending into the occipital suture line or horizontal fractures curving towards the base of the brain (Figures 7.1 and 7.2). The fractures tend to avoid the strengthened buttresses of the internal occipital protuberance (Saukko and Knight 2016). The linear fracture may continue straight through the occipital suture and extend into the base of the skull into the posterior fossa, where it often follows a complex path to the anterior fossa across the occipital suture line with dissemination of the energy of the impact away from the primary impact site. When springing of the sutures is identified, further fracturing may be seen extending into the posterior fossa away from the primary impact site. Typically in such accelerated falls the brain shows a contre-coup pattern of contusion and laceration (see Chapter 10). Contre-coup orbital plate fractures are not infrequently seen in this scenario (see later).
Anatomy for neurotrauma
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Vasudha Singhal, Sarabpreet Singh
Dural partitions—Falx cerebri is a sickle-shaped structure that projects mid-sagitally into the median longitudinal fissure, separating the right and the left cerebral hemispheres. It is attached in the median plane from the crista galli of the ethmoid bone anteriorly to the internal occipital protuberance posteriorly and blends with the tentorium cerebelli.
Skin flap thickness and magnet strength in Cochlear implants
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2021
Tamara Searle, Evie Marshall, Louise Craddock, Peter Monksfield
Eighteen had imaging in the form of MRI, CT cone beam or both; these patients were excluded. Cone beam CT is different to the standard axial CT for skin measurements and so cannot be compared for this series. A further 54 patients were excluded due to poor quality of images or unavailability of the images on the PACS system. To standardise the skin thickness measurement taken in all patients, on axial CT scan, the slice was chosen at the top of the pinna on the side of implantation. A line was drawn from the top of the pinna to the internal occipital protuberance. At the midpoint of this line another line was drawn perpendicular to this. Skin thickness was measured from the outer cortex of the skull to the skin-air interface (Fig. 2).
Quantitative assessment of brainstem distortion in vestibular schwannoma and its implication in occurrence of hydrocephalus
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Ashutosh Kumar, Sanjay Behari, Jayesh Sardhara, Prabhaker Mishra, Vivek Singh, Vandan Raiyani, Kamlesh Singh Bhaisora, Arun Kumar Srivastava
The midline of the posterior fossa was marked by drawing a straight line, from the midpoint of the clivus to the internal occipital protuberance and its continuation as the internal occipital crest. It was termed line 2. T2 weighted sequential axial images were taken for measurements. Further confirmation was done with constructive interference in steady state (CISS) sequence images when available.
Cranio-cervical junction malformation causing cord compression in infant with achondroplasia: a bigger picture
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
S. Caratella, M. Tarazi, F. T. Tomalieh, G. Spink, S. U. A. Bukhari, I. H. Ahmad, M. M. Hussain
CT of cervical spine (Figure 2) showed a significantly large keel shaped internal occipital protuberance extending to the foramen magnum. The opisthion extended backwards and below the basion level thus reducing the canal diameter at the cranio-cervical junction.