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Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Lipoprotein Disorders and other Metabolic Diseases
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Tendon xanthomas are typically seen in the extensor tendons on the backs of the hands, over the knuckles and in the Achilles tendons. Development of xanthomas is a function of age; approximately 70% of patients have xanthomas by the age of 30 years.
Extensor tendon injuries
Published in Peter Houpt, Hand Injuries in the Emergency Department, 2023
Extensor tendon injury at the level of the MCP joints is often caused by bite injuries as a result of a punch. The risk of a septic arthritis of the MCP joint is high. Spontaneous ruptures of extensor tendons are possible due to rheumatoid arthritis and fractures (i.e. distal radius fracture followed by an EPL rupture).
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
Nonneurogenic: Diseases of extensor tendons.Compartment syndrome of the deep extensor muscles of the forearm.
An investigation of dynamic ulnar impingement after the Darrach procedure with ultrasonography
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Kuan-Jung Chen, Jung-Pan Wang, Hui-Kuang Huang, Yi-Chao Huang
The patients received surgery under general anesthesia. An incision was made on the dorsal side of the wrist, medial to the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) and posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) neurectomy were routinely performed, excising the distal 1–2 cm section. The extensor retinaculum, periosteum, and the distal part of the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle were elevated to expose the distal ulna. Then ulnar osteotomy was made in a long-sloped shape, and parallel to the contour of the opposing radius. The edges of the ulnar cut were beveled with the saw. The detached distal part of the PQ muscle was transferred dorsally and sutured onto the periosteum sleeve of the ulnar stump, forming an interposition (Figure 2). In the cases with an attritional tear of the extensor tendons, the tendons were explored and reconstructed using the same incision.
Biomechanical evaluation of the stability of extra-articular distal radius fractures fixed with volar locking plates according to the length of the distal locking screw
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Gyung-Hwan Oh, Hak-Sung Kim, Jung Il Lee
Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are a common injury encountered by orthopedic surgeons. Recently, an operative treatment using a volar locking plate (VLP) has emerged as a popular treatment for unstable DRFs. (Chung et al. 2009; Obert et al. 2013) However, the increased use of VLP has led to various postsurgical complications. Extensor tendon complications such as extensor tenosynovitis, extensor pollicis longus rupture, and extensor digitorum rupture after VLP fixation have been extensively reported. (Benson et al. 2006; Soong et al. 2011; Bentohami et al. 2014; Caruso et al. 2015; Azzi et al. 2017; Thorninger et al. 2017) These complications related to extensor tendons can occur due to inappropriate surgical technique (injury by depth gauge or drill bit) or dorsal protrusion of the distal screw.
Eruptive xanthoma associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia and poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Xanthomas are disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and formed by an accumulation of cholesterol-rich substance. Several types of xanthomas can be classified based on clinical manifestations. Xanthelasma is the most common form which showed 4.4% in the population with an even distribution between men and women in a recent prospective study [4]. Xanthelasma usually presents on or around the eyelids with bilateral and symmetric distribution and the lesions are soft, yellow, small, nontender, nonpruritic papules around the eyelids. Xanthelasma can occur without hyperlipidemia, particularly in older patients, but is often associated with familial dyslipidemias when seen in a younger patient. Tuberous xanthomas are primarily located over joints and present as firm, painless, red-yellow nodules that often merge into forming multi-lobated tumor-like lesions. They can be associated with severe hypercholesterolemia and elevated LDL levels and some of the secondary hyperlipidemia (e.g. nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidisom). Tendinous xanthomas are slowly enlarging subcutaneous nodules in association with the tendons or the ligaments. The usual locations include the extensor tendons of the hands, the feet and the Achilles tendons. The tendinous xanthomas associated with severe hypercholesterolemia and elevated LDL levels, particularly in familial hypercholesterolemia [3,4].