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Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
The epiploic appendages are small fatty appendages sited along the large bowel. When these twist they cause acute abdominal pain which can be difficult to clinically differentiate from other causes of pain. This most commonly occurs anterior to the rectosigmoid colon. On ultrasound the appearance of a hyperechoic mass indicates fat. Sometimes a slightly hypoechoic line can be seen peripherally, and there is no internal vascularity. CT is usually diagnostic and demonstrates a lesion of fat density adjacent to the colon with peripheral enhancement and surrounding fat stranding. Sometimes a hyperechoic dot centrally can be seen representing thrombosed vessels.
Oral examinations
Published in Deepak Subedi, Marialena Gregoriades, En Hsun Choi, John T Murchison, Graham McKillop, A Complete Guide to the Final FRCR 2B, 2011
Deepak Subedi, Marialena Gregoriades, En Hsun Choi, John T Murchison, Graham McKillop
Epiploic appendages are elongated fatty structures that arise from the serosal surface of the colon. Clinically, epiploic appendagitis mimics diverticulitis or appendicitis. Epiploic appendages are supplied by the vasa recta of the colon. Torsion or venous thrombosis of an appendage causes acute infarction followed by localised inflammation.
Peritoneal loose body: a possible cause of bowel perforation during PD catheter insertion
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Ning Yang, Shenglin Zhang, Ming Fang, Keping Wang, Hongli Lin, Longkai Li
The PLB is rare and has not been reported previously in PD patients. The most common causes of the PLB are thought to be torsion and separation of the epiploic appendices, which are visceral peritoneal pouches full of fat that exists along with the antimesenteric tenia of the colon [3]. The PLB is usually small, varying from 0.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter; a larger PLB (larger than 4 cm in diameter) as observed in our patient is exceedingly rare [4]. Whereas a small PLB is often asymptomatic, a large PLB may present with various symptoms (abdominal pain or dyspepsia) [5,6], and it can in severe cases also cause intestinal obstruction [7] and urinary retention [8]. The initial diagnosis is difficult and a large PLB was frequently misdiagnosed preoperatively as tumorous disease [3].