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Case 16
Published in Andrew Solomon, Julia Anstey, Liora Wittner, Priti Dutta, Clinical Cases, 2021
Andrew Solomon, Julia Anstey, Liora Wittner, Priti Dutta
It can present with a range of symptoms, including:Haematuria due to rupture of a cyst into the collecting duct systemMild concentrating defect leading to increased thirst, polyuria, nocturia and frequencyNephrolithiasisFlank and abdominal painAcute: nephrolithiasis, infection, cyst haemorrhageChronic: capsular stretching or traction on renal pedicleDevelopment of ESRF and eventual need for renal replacement therapy
Procoagulant Activity in Diseases of The Kidney
Published in Gary A. Levy, Edward H. Cole, Procoagulant Activity in Health and Disease, 2019
Stephen Holdsworth, Peter Tipping
The kidney has important functions as a filter and an endocrine organ. Its filtration function depends on the integrity of the anatomical filter, i.e., the glomerulus, and the resorptive and excretory function of the tubules and collecting duct system. The glomerulus is particularly susceptible to injury by deposition of fibrin, as demonstrated in diseases such as glomerulonephritis. The tubular system also has the potential to be obstructed by fibrin clots; however, this is not a significant factor in common tubular and collecting duct diseases.
Urinary System
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Kendall S. Frazier, John Curtis Seely
The distal convoluted tubules are short segments present in the cortex near to the glomeruli, which lie between the macula densa and the connecting tubules of the collecting duct system. They are typically noted in transverse or V-shaped configurations in tissue section and, especially in monkeys, tend to be lined by somewhat taller epithelium and have larger luminal diameters than proximal convoluted tubules. Calbindin D28K immunostains specifically label distal convoluted tubules in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys, although small sections of connecting segment may also stain positively. In mice and rats but not monkeys or humans, the distal convoluted tubules also contain Tamm–Horsfall protein.
Connection of ES Cell-derived Collecting Ducts and Ureter-like Structures to Host Kidneys in Culture
Published in Organogenesis, 2021
The connection of one ureteric bud derivative to another is not a feature of natural UB/collecting duct ureter development. The entire ureter and collecting duct system develop by branching morphogenesis from the UB, with no need for any connections to be made and with no evidence of connections ever being made. Indeed, the branches of the growing tree show mutual repulsion.12 Within the kidney, however, nephrons are required to make a connection between their distal pole and the collecting duct branch that induced their formation in the first place.16 It may be that the need to perform this connection, the mechanisms of which are still not understood in detail, means that UB-derived epithelia retain an innate ability to make connections that generate open-lumen communications between the tubules involved.
Laparoscopic surgery for upper ureteral calculi in geriatric patients: 5 years experience
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
URS is undoubtedly the least invasive surgical method for large upper ureteral calculi. It is superior in terms of the operation time, blood loss, and hospital stay; however, the success rate of URS in terms of stone-free results is lower than that of laparoscopic surgery [15]. Moreover, in procedures such as URS and PNL, the associated risk of sepsis is higher than that associated with the laparoscopic method in cases of impacted calculi owing to the increase in pressure that occurs in the collecting duct system. It is known that the intraureteric pressure at rest is 0–5 cm H2O. Urosepsis that might occur postoperatively owing to the increase in pressure is caused by the liquids administered to the closed system during surgery; therefore, the laparoscopic method can be considered as a step ahead of the other methods.
Advances in understanding vertebrate nephrogenesis
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2020
Joseph M. Chambers, Rebecca A. Wingert
Following IM specification, the progression of vertebrate renal development involves the stepwise generation and degeneration of several kidney forms: the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. Each kidney iteration develops along the anterior-posterior embryonic axis, where each subsequent version becomes more structurally complex than the previous structure. The pronephros emerges first, and while it is vestigial/nonfunctional in mammals, it is functional in other vertebrates such as fish and frogs.23 The mesonephros is further developed and partially functional in mammals, while serving as the final kidney form in amphibians and fish.24 However, the fully formed and functional version of this vital organ in mammals is the metanephros, which develops through branching morphogenesis events that result in an arborized structure essential for fluid homeostasis. Importantly, all three vertebrate kidney forms share the overall structure of the kidney’s functional unit: the nephron. Broadly, the nephron is composed of a blood filter, a segmented tubule, and a collecting duct system to shuttle urine to the bladder.