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Craniofacial implantology
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
The following radiographic views are recommended: Panoramic view to detect bone height within the maxilla and anatomical structures.Occipito-mental views to assess the extent of the maxillary sinus and presence of sinus pathology.Lateral cephalogram to assess jaw relationship.Axial, coronal and reformatted computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans give an excellent assessment of the maxilla and maxillary sinus. In the case of cancer and trauma surgery patients, three-dimensional (3D) spiral reconstructions are useful and the DICOM data is used to manufacture a stereolithographic model for planned surgical resection and thus prosthodontic rehabilitation after resection. With the advent of cone beam computerized tomography scan (CBCT) technology, it may not be necessary to obtain a medical CAT scan in every case and much valuable information can be obtained from using a full volume CBCT (Figure 14.1).
Neck associated factors related to migraine in adolescents with painful temporomandibular disorders
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
The extents of self-reported neck pain was evaluated by the self-reported questionnaire, Neck disability Index (NDI). Several previous studies adopted the NDI to assess the degree of neck pain and disability in adolescent patients [37–40]. A single orofacial pain specialist (JHK) was responsible for analysing head and neck posture using lateral cephalogram by V-ceph® 5.0 software (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea) based on a previous report [24,40] (Figure 2). The cephalograms were obtained at the initial evaluation of the adolescents. Lateral cephalograms were taken with the patients’ Frankfurt plane parallel to the horizontal plane while in centric occlusion. The target-patient distance was 152.4 cm and the patient-film distance was 14 cm. One observer (JHK) repeated the process after 1 week (intra-examiner) on 30 randomly selected cephalograms and data were compared using ICC and an acceptable agreement was detected. ICC was 0.921 with statistical significance (p < .001) [35].
Root-crown ratio: a new method for measurement of orthodontic external apical root resorption
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2020
Deepak Kumar Gupta, Kanish Aggarwal
By convention linear measurements are used to quantify the amount of root resorption. On the basis of these measurements, several indices have been proposed to assess the severity of root resorption [6]. These linear measurements are unfortunately plagued by the problem of unreliability, as they are affected by the angulation and magnification of the radiograph especially the IOPA X-rays. The use of OPG has been suggested as an unreliable method as it overestimates the root resorption due to higher magnification factor [7]. Traditionally to solve the problem of magnification errors various angles and ratios have been extensively used in lateral cephalogram analyses. Similarly, the Crown-Root ratio has been used widely to emphasize the feasibility of starting orthodontic treatment with a desirable crown-root ratio of 1:2 and a minimum desired ratio of 1:1. The reverse reading in the form of Root-Crown Ratio (R/C Ratio) has been proposed as a novel method to measure root length relative to the length of the crown [8]. In radiographic studies, it is better to measure the Root-Crown ratio rather than the absolute linear measurements as the values remain stable with cants in antero-posterior and vertical dimensions upto some extent. Furthermore, the R/C values as measured on OPGs are not affected by the different angulations or magnifications of different X-Ray machines, providing with a distinct advantage [9].
Role of dental sleep medicine in management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea disorders using a team approach
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Takayuki Nakai, Akira Matsuo, Yoshifumi Takata, Yasuhiro Usui, Koichi Kitamura, Daichi Chikazu
Blood, urine and arterial blood gas analyses were conducted along with respiratory function tests, chest radiographs, echocardiography and pulse wave velocity. An otorhinolaryngologist reviewed the medical interviews, maxillofacial and otorhinolaryngological findings, and results of the endoscopic examination of the upper airway and compared the patient’s standard upright and spine cephalogram images. A dentist and oral and maxillofacial surgeon reviewed the medical interviews and dental and maxillofacial findings including those related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Standard upright and spine cephalograms were analyzed using CephaloMetrics A to Z software (Yasunaga Computer Systems Co., Inc., Fukui, Japan).