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Periodontal Diseases
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William D. McHugh, Lars Matsson, Sigmund S. Socransky
It seems clear therefore that trauma from occlusion does not initiate periodontitis or cause gingivitis to progress to periodontitis. Occlusal trauma accelerates bone loss in established periodontitis but whether or not this is associated with loss of attachment remains a matter of controversy which can only be resolved by further study. The clinical implications of this matter are fairly simple and obvious. Excessive occlusal forces on individual teeth can cause undesirable alveolar bone loss. Such forces can result from premature occlusal contacts or unbalanced occlusion — either in centric relation or during functional excursions. Wherever possible, such forces should be eliminated or minimized by selective grinding or restoration of teeth to produce a balanced functional occlusion.
Hemifacial microsomia
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Epinephrine-soaked neuropatties are placed in the incision site for haemostasis. Attention is then directed to the maxilla where a LeFort I osteotomy is performed (see Chapter 73). Mobilization of the maxilla with Rowe disimpaction forceps is critical. Both descending palatine arteries are routinely preserved. The intermediate splint is then secured between the mobile maxilla and the mandible by using 26 gauge wires. With the mandible carefully placed in centric relation, the maxilla is rigidly fixed using 2.0 plates at the piriform rims and buttresses (a total of four plates), starting with placement of the plates on the unaffected side (Figure 78.8). A laminar spreader is often used to stent down the maxilla on the affected side whilst the plates are placed. Measurements are taken from the k-rod to the canines and central incisor to confirm that the cant is corrected according to the planned movements. The sagittal split osteotomy is completed on the unaffected side and epinephrine-soaked neuropaddies are placed for haemostasis. Hypotensive anaesthesia is requested during the orthognathic procedures.
Dental Anatomy and Occlusion
Published in Jeffrey R. Marcus, Detlev Erdmann, Eduardo D. Rodriguez, Essentials of CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA, 2014
Pedro E. Santiago, Lindsay A. Schuster
As our knowledge of dental occlusion has matured, two important concepts have developed: centric occlusion and centric relation. Centric occlusion is a person’s habitual bite. It is the position determined by dentition, when the maxillary and mandibular teeth are in maximum intercuspation. It is dentally determined and is independent of condylar position. Centric relation is the relation of the mandible to the maxilla when the condyles are in a physiologically stable position, independent of tooth contact. This relation has been described as the most superoanterior position of the condyles in the articular fossae with the discs correctly interposed (Fig. 4-12).4
Effects of occlusal splints on shoulder strength and activation
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2019
Amândio Dias, Luís Redinha, João R. Vaz, Nuno Cordeiro, Luís Silva, Pedro Pezarat–Correia
Fourteen male subjects were recruited (age = 21.67 ± 0.86 years; body mass = 76.33 ± 7 kg; height = 1.76 ± 0.61 m) for this experiment. A dental examination confirmed that none of the participants had any type of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. An occlusal splint (OS) that repositioned the TMJ in centric relation (CR) was fabricated for each of the subjects. The CR is considered the most stable position for the mandible, and it is achieved when the TMJ condyles are in their most anterior-superior position in the articular fossae. This position encourages the condyles to seat stably in a congruent skeletal arrangement [31]. The OS were custom-made, using a vacuum former machine (Easy Vac, Baekseokdong, South Korea). A thermoforming foil (Erkodent, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany) was adapted over the maxillary casts, trimmed and adjusted in the articulator to the requisites of a stabilization splint in CR position. The thermoforming foil had a thickness of 1 mm and lost about 20%–30% in the manufacturing process. Hence, the interocclusal distance was ∼7 mm. A placebo splint was also fabricated for each subject, using the same manufacturing process, adapted over maxillary casts and trimmed down on the occlusal surface to ensure that they would not interfere with the subjects normal maximum intercuspation This research was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculdade de Motricidade Humana for use of human research (6/2016) and all subjects signed an informed consent.
Morphometric analysis for evaluating the relation between incisal guidance angle, occlusal plane angle, and functional temporomandibular joint shape variation
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Seulgi Han, Sang Min Shin, Yong-Seok Choi, So Yeun Kim, Ching-Chang Ko, Yong-Il Kim
In this study, CBCT on homogeneous position such as centric relation was not taken because this was retrospective study. It could include inaccuracies due to head positioning. However, the CBCT scans were made with the patient sitting in an upright position, Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane parallel to the floor and teeth in maximum intercuspation. And we focused on the relationship between incisal guidance angle or occlusal plane angle and fossa–condyle shapes at a specific static position. It is meaningful though it did not implement under identical position. In the further study, it would be better to control the patients’ posture to determine the relationship between incisal guidance angle and occlusal plane angle and fossa–condyle shapes. In this study, we measured the TMJ shape, incisor guidance angle, and occlusal plane angle in a static state. Further research is needed to consider the dynamic aspects. In addition, 3-dimensional TMJ shape was obtained by using CBCT, but three dimensional TMJ and occlusal plane were projected in two dimensions. Therefore, it was difficult to reflect the exact TMJ shape. Further research is needed to improve these factors.
Chronotherapy in dentistry: A scoping review
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Mohammad Abusamak, Mohammad Al-Tamimi, Haider Al-Waeli, Kawkab Tahboub, Wenji Cai, Martin Morris, Faleh Tamimi, Belinda Nicolau
(Latta 1992) found that centric relation records for complete denture fabrication showed a circadian variation (Latta 1992). For instance, if centric relation records are taken in the morning, fabricated complete dentures thereafter would better fit the patient’s mouth in the morning and vice versa. So, it was suggested that treating edentulous patients in the middle of the day would dilute such circadian changes (Latta 1992).