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Craniopharyngioma
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Hermann L. Müller, Claire Alapetite, Jeffrey Wisoff
In fact, childhood craniopharyngioma patients with hypothalamic involvement were found to achieve normal adult height more often than those without hypothalamic involvement.80 Even though this phenomenon of “growth without growth hormone” was described in childhood craniopharyngioma almost five decades ago,217 the physiology of growth in these cases is still not fully understood, although insulin and/or leptin are suspected to play a compensating role in this phenomenon. Both of these hormones have been hypothesized to induce growth in the fetus and in obese children,218–220 with leptin reported to function as a bone growth factor acting directly at the level of bone growth centers, independently of growth hormone.218 Mechanisms by which insulin stimulates growth include its known anabolic effects. At high serum levels, insulin may bind to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor and induce growth, mediated by its actions to decrease IGF-binding protein 1 levels, resulting in increased levels of free IGF-1.218 In support of this theory, obese childhood craniopharyngioma patients were found to present with higher height standard deviation scores (SDS) at the time of diagnosis and at last follow-up with no difference in hormonal substitution, including growth hormone.221 In contrast, another study found that childhood craniopharyngioma patients who were growing despite growth hormone deficiency had the same mean anthropometrical measures, body composition, and metabolic indexes, including insulin levels, as those requiring growth hormone substitution.214
Visible light-curable water-soluble chitosan derivative, chitosan hydrogel, and preparation method: a patent evaluation of US2019202998A1
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2021
Thashree Marimuthu, Pradeep Kumar, Yahya E. Choonara
In another embodiment, US2019202998A1 discloses the molding of the polymeric hydrogel solution prior to visible light induction. The formulation methods disclosed in US2019202998A1 can potentially be applied and extended to 3d bioprinting of wound dressing and scaffolds, however, required information such as the degree or efficiency of photoactivity photoinduced by the visible light is not disclosed and requires further research. In addition, GC hydrogels after VLC have also been reported for the loading of bone growth factor-loaded for application as an injectable scaffold for bone formation [43], Table 1, which is further reflective of the depth and wide application of US2019202998A1.
Truss implant technology™ for interbody fusion in spinal degenerative disorders: profile of advanced structural design, mechanobiologic and performance characteristics
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Jessee P. Hunt, Matthew R. Begley, Jon E. Block
The 4WEB truss bioactive surface topography is generated using 3D-printed additive manufacturing methods that create layer-upon-layer of a hierarchical surface roughness that spans from the macro- (Figure 5) to the nano-scale (Figure 6) and resembles the dimensions and morphology of resorption lacunae produced by osteoclastic activity [43]. By mimicking the surface characteristics of native trabecular bone, the truss implant’s rough titanium surface provides a favorable bone remodeling environment to support local bone growth factor expression with direct osteoid deposition and bone formation [15,55].