China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
A motorcycle accident
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The American College of Surgeons has recommended use of the anterior axillary line in the fourth or fifth intercostal space (the position for insertion of a chest drain). ATLS guidelines suggest the best position is just anterior to the mid-axillary line. Currently, either position will be acceptable until further guidelines are published.
Focused assessment sonography in trauma (FAST)
Published in Marsha A. Elkhunovich, Tarina L. Kang, Courtney Brennan, Kathryn Pade, Rashida Campwala, Jessica Rankin, Kristin Berona, Courtney Brennan, Pediatric Emergency Ultrasound, 2020
Marsha A. Elkhunovich, Tarina L. Kang, Courtney Brennan, Kathryn Pade, Rashida Campwala, Jessica Rankin, Kristin Berona, Courtney Brennan
Place probe along mid-axillary line in the long axis or along the costal margin on the patient's right. Move the probe up and down the rib spaces until equal parts of the liver and kidney are viewed in the middle of the screen.
Endocrine system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Using a curvilinear array of 2.5–5 MHz, the adrenal glands are examined with the patient either turned 45° onto the side (posterior oblique position) (Fig. 10.8a) or lying completely on the side (lateral decubitus position) (Fig. 10.8b). The upper abdominal viscera may be used as acoustic windows to aid visualisation; the liver for the right and the spleen for the left, with subcostal approach as shown in Figs 10.8a,b. If there is gas obscuring the adrenals an intercostal approach may help, the probe being positioned at the ninth and tenth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line on the raised side. Alternatively, the patient may lie supine and be scanned in the mid-axillary line with the probe directed horizontally.
A randomized controlled comparison of three modes of ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass on oxygenation in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing congenital heart surgeries
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Ahmed Ali Gado, Salwa Mohamed Hefnawy, Ashraf M Abdelrahim, Mostafa Abdel Wahab Abdel Aziz Alberry, Mai A. El Fattah Madkour
The lung ultrasound score was obtained by scanning 12-rib interspaces with the probe longitudinally applied perpendicular to the wall. Each hemi-thorax was divided into six areas: two anterior areas, two lateral areas, and two posterior areas. The anterior chest wall (zone 1) was defined from the parasternal to the anterior axillary line. It was divided into upper and lower halves, from the clavicle to the third intercostal space and from the third intercostal space to the diaphragm. The lateral area (zone 2) was delineated from the anterior to the posterior axillary line and was divided into upper and basal halves. The posterior area (zone 3) was considered as the zone beyond the posterior axillary line. The sum of B-lines found on each scanning location (0: no B-lines; 1: multiple B- lines 7 mm apart; 2: multiple B lines 3 mm apart; 3: consolidation) yields a score from 0 to 36 [15,19,20]. Two ultrasound doctors examined all lung ultrasound images. Both doctors were unaware of the clinical data of the patients and to other doctor’s ultrasound diagnoses.
Physical activity patterns in children with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Eda Ozge Okur, Deniz Inal-Ince, Melda Saglam, Naciye Vardar-Yagli, Hulya Arikan
Physical activity level was evaluated using an accelerometer (Caltrac, Muscle Dynamics, Torrance, CA, USA), a commonly used, portable device (Freedson, 1991). The accelerometer measures the vertical acceleration of the body and evaluates daily body activities. Acceleration recordings were converted to energy consumption based on baseline energy expenditure depending on the children’s height, weight, gender, and age (Saglam et al., 2010). The device was worn on the left side of the abdomen or right anterior axillary line. The accelerometer was worn during the day (removed during sleep, bathing), and the parents were asked to record the duration of all device-free periods. The accelerometer was used for 4 days, 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days, in order to provide homogeneity. In the CP group, the accelerometer was worn 4 days in which the children did not participate in physical therapy sessions. At the end of the fourth day, the energy expenditure value (in kilocalories) was recorded and the device was shut down. Caltrac® has high intraclass reliability coefficients (ICC = 0.76) (Allor and Pivarnik, 2001) and high interinstrument reliability (r = 0.96) (Sallis et al., 1990) to assess physical activity in typically developing children. Additionally, Caltrac® could be used to determine energy expenditure in children with CP, since it provides correlated information with the “gold” standard of measuring oxygen consumption obtained by indirect calorimetry (Norman, 2006).
Does esmolol infusion have an adjuvant effect on transversus abdominis plane block for pain control in laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A randomized controlled double-blind trial
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2021
Fatma Ahmed Abdelfatah, Samar Rafik Amin
Following skin disinfection and covering of the ultrasound probe and cable with a sterile sheath, a broad linear array probe was placed transverse to the abdomen (horizontal plane) between the iliac crest and the costal margin in the mid-axillary line. Three muscle layers can be visualized in the image. A 20 Gauge 90 or 120 mm sharp ended spinal needle was used. The needle was introduced in a sagittal plane nearly 3–4 cm medial to the probe of ultrasound (in-plane technique). To follow the needle superficial course after skin puncture; the probe was moved slightly anterior, then gradually posteriorly to the mid-axillary line position until the needle settled in its right position in the TAP. A small volume of local anaesthetic (1 mL) was initially injected to open the plane then 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected in each side. The local anaesthetic injectant appeared hypoechoic on ultrasound imaging. The surgery was started after completion of the block.