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The neurological examination
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
Hip adductor muscles: Obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus (Figure 11.2b) Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, and L4).Function: Adduction of the hip.Physical examination: The patient lies supine with the leg extended at the knee and tries to adduct the hip joint against resistance.
Lower Extremity Surgical Anatomy
Published in Armstrong Milton B., Lower extremity Trauma, 2006
Latham Kerry, Baez Marcelo Lacayo, Armstrong Milton B., Arias Efrain
Adductor brevis originates at the inferior pubic ramus and inserts on the pectineal line and linea aspera of the femur (upper posterior part of the femur). The muscle is sort of triangular in shape, and as it descends posterolaterally it expands as it heads down to the insertion site. Out of the three adductors, this is the smallest. Anteriorly there is the adductor longus, pectineus, profunda femoral artery, and anterior branch of the obturator nerve. Posteriorly is adductor magnus and posterior branch of obturator nerve. Below it there is adductor magnus and gracilis while above it there is the conjoined tendon of psoas major and iliacus, obturator externus, and MCFA. Its action is adduction of the hips (thigh) and some lateral rotation. This muscle is innervated by the obturator nerve (L2–3). It gets its blood supply via femoral artery, profunda femoral artery (first to third perforating arteries), obturator artery, and MCFA.
A finite element analysis study based on valgus impacted femoral neck fracture under diverse stances
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Haowei Zhang, Xinsheng Xu, Shenghui Wu, Ying Liu, Jiong Mei
During gait analysis, a gait is divided into eight gait events, including of heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel off, toe off, acceleration, midswing, and deceleration (Bai and Shang 2010). There are two main methods for muscle modeling. This article mainly uses linear muscles to replace the physical model of muscles to establish the musculoskeletal system model. The default coordinate system and orientation of each minutia (Zhao et al. 2016) is the same as that of the CT machine. And totally 11 muscle models were constructed, including the Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Adductor brevis, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Iliopsoas, Gluteus minimus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Gastrocnemius lateralis, and Gastrocnemius medialis (Bai and Shang 2010; Ali Banijamali et al. 2015). The model of the musculoskeletal linear hip joint is shown in Figure 3 and the muscle force on the femur is shown in Table 2.
The influence of musculoskeletal forces on the growth of the prenatal cortex in the ilium: a finite element study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Peter J. Watson, Michael J. Fagan, Catherine A. Dobson
To maintain the kinematic determinacy of the model, a rigid constraint was applied at the sacro-iliac joint (SIJ). Joint and muscle kinetics were computed through an inverse dynamics analysis (Table 1) using a pre-defined cubic solver which minimises the sum of the cubed muscle activations. Like many recruitment solvers used in MSMs, this solver may recruit a muscle if it has a positive moment arm and the force generated contributes to the motion, irrespective of the muscle’s primary function. As a result, Table 1 shows that some muscles are active during movements even though this may not be conventionally associated with their primary function. For example the rectus femoris, which has a primary function of flexion, was predicted to contribute to flexion, adduction and abduction. In addition, some muscles, such as the adductor brevis and gluteus maximus were not active during their primary tasks because their moment arms did not assist in the desired motion at the high flexion angle considered.
Management of a nonathlete with a traumatic groin strain and osteitis pubis using manual therapy and therapeutic exercise: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Kyle Feldman, Carla Franck, Christine Schauerte
The rectus abdominis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and gracilis are also reported as the sources of groin pain in at least 10% of cases (Hölmich et al., 2014; Serner et al., 2015). Typical diagnosis is based on palpation of the muscle region and resisted muscle activation (Brix, Lohrer, and Hoeferlin, 2013; Hölmich et al., 2014). When the injured muscle is unknown, “athletic pubaglia”, sometimes referred to as “groin disruption” is the medical diagnosis typically given. Athletic pubalgia is described as posterior abdominal wall weakening and the conjoined tendon separates, without evidence of a hernia on imaging or a palpable defect (Garvey and Hazard, 2014; Sheen et al., 2014). Pain occurs with exertion, Valsalva’s maneuver, resisted hip adduction, pressure, and a partial sit up, but not with coughing or sneezing (Meyers et al., 2000; Morelli and Smith, 2001). Outcomes for return to pre-injury level often require surgical repair due to poor outcomes reported with conservative management (Elattar, Choi, Dills, and Busconi, 2016; Morelli and Smith, 2001).